New York - 2015 State Health Profile HIV/AIDS Epidemic In 2015, an estimated 39,393 people in the United States were diagnosed with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. About 1 in 7 people with HIV in the United States do not know that they are infected. In 2015, an estimated 3,123 adults and adolescents were diagnosed with HIV in New York. New York ranked 4th among the 50 states in the number of HIV diagnoses in 2015. Figure 1: Estimated adults and adolescents diagnosed with HIV, by transmission category, New York, 2015 Chart Data Points: (MSM/IDU) 1.9% (IDU) 7.9% (HET) 24.9% (MSM) 65.1% *MSM, men who have sex with men; IDU, injection drug users; MSM/IDU, men who have sex with men who also inject drugs; HET, Heterosexuals **Other: <0.160% Figure 2: Estimated adults and adolescents diagnosed with HIV, by race/ethnicity, New York, 2015 Chart Data Points: (Asian) 2.9% (MultRace) 5.3% (White) 19.1% (Hisp/Lat) 32.4% (Black) 40.2% *AI/AN, American Indian/Alaska Native; Black, Black/African American; Hisp/Lat, Hispanic/Latino; MultRace, Multiple races; NHOPI, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander; Unk, Unknown **AI/AN, NHOPI: <0.13% Adolescent and School Health Many young people engage in sexual risk behaviors that can result in unintended health outcomes. Sexual risk behaviors place adolescents at risk for HIV infection, other sexually transmitted diseases, and unintended pregnancy. However, there has been a nationwide decrease in the percentage of adolescents who have ever had sex; in 2015 among high school students in New York: * 14.9% of 9th graders have reported ever having sex in 2015 compared to 30.5% in 2005. * 22.7% of 10th graders have reported ever having sex in 2015 compared to 39.1% in 2005. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Syphilis – Primary and secondary (P&S;) syphilis (the stages in which syphilis is most infectious) remains a health problem, primarily among men who have sex with men, but congenital transmission of syphilis from infected mothers to their unborn children persists in many areas of the country. Figure 3: Chlamydia and Gonorrhea among Women by Age Group, New York, 2015 Chart Data Points: Age 0-14, Chlamydia 799 Cases Gonorrhea 152 Cases Age 15-19, Chlamydia 19,267 Cases Gonorrhea 2,398 Cases Age 20-24, Chlamydia 24,107 Cases Gonorrhea 2,820 Cases Age 25-29, Chlamydia 11,387 Cases Gonorrhea 1,508 Cases Age 30-34, Chlamydia 4,940 Cases Gonorrhea 776 Cases Age 35-39, Chlamydia 2,535 Cases Gonorrhea 412 Cases Age 40+, Chlamydia 3,091 Cases Gonorrhea 524 Cases * In New York, the rate of primary and secondary syphilis was 5.6 per 100,000 in 2011 and 10.2 per 100,000 in 2015. New York now ranks 7th in rates of P&S; syphilis among 50 states. * There were 66 cases of congenital syphilis from 2011 through 2015. Chlamydia and Gonorrhea – Untreated STDs are a common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and chronic pelvic pain. In addition, they can increase the spread of HIV, and cause cancer. Pregnant women and newborns are particularly vulnerable. In 2015, New York: * Ranked 12th among 50 states in chlamydial infections (524.7 per 100,000 persons) and ranked 16th among 50 states in gonorrheal infections (129.4 per 100,000 persons). * Reported rates of chlamydia among women (650.9 cases per 100,000) that were 1.7 times greater than those among men (389.8 cases per 100,000). Figure 4: TB Cases by Race/Ethnicity, New York, 2015 Chart Data Points: (Unk) 1.4% (White) 8.4% (Black) 20.6% (Hisp/Lat) 25.3% (Asian) 43.5% *AI/AN, American Indian/Alaska Native; Black, Black/African American; Hisp/Lat, Hispanic/Latino; MultRace, Multiple races; NHOPI, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander; Unk, Unknown **NHOPI (0.13%), MultRace (0.66%): <0.79% Tuberculosis (TB) Although the overall rate of TB in the United States has declined substantially since 1992, the rate of decrease among non-U.S. born has been much smaller than that for U.S.-born persons. In 2015, New York: * Ranked 5th among the 50 states in TB rates (3.9 per 100,000 persons). * 81.13% of TB cases occurred in non-U.S. born. Hepatitis A, B, and C Virus (HAV, HBV, HCV) While acute hepatitis A virus and acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections have generally been declining in incidence since 1990 mainly due to effective vaccination strategies, the number of cases in the United States increased in 2015 compared to 2014. Nationwide, reported cases of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection also continued to increase in 2015, more than 2.9-fold from 2011– 2015. Approximately 4.4 million people in the U.S. are living with HBV and HCV infection; most do not know they are infected. Lifelong infections with HBV and HCV are shown to be major risk factors for liver cancer. In New York, between 2011 and 2015: * Reported rates of acute hepatitis A did not increase. * Reported rates of acute hepatitis B decreased by 43%. * Reported rates of acute hepatitis C increased by 100%. Program Initiatives Supported by CDC CDC Funding to New York, 2016 HIV/AIDS $81,586,466 STDs $9,454,032 TB $7,232,419 Viral Hepatitis $1,056,511 Includes direct assistance. HIV/AIDS – CDC funds the New York State health department, as well as the New York City health department, to implement cost-effective and scalable programs and policies that will have the greatest impact on HIV prevention in the state’s most affected communities and regions. Funding supports evidence-based disease monitoring, service delivery, staff development, routine program evaluation, and research on preventing HIV. CDC supports 29 community-based organizations and four capacity building assistance providers. CDC funds one local education agency for HIV prevention activities, to assess adolescent health-risk behaviors, and to increase access to youth-friendly health services and effective education programs to delay sexual initiation and prevent HIV infection and other STDs. STD – In New York, CDC funds the state and New York City health departments to reduce STDs through science-based prevention and control services that are high impact, scalable, cost effective, and sustainable. New York is part of a network of STD programs that collect additional information to better and more quickly shed light on STD trends, and also is part of the National Network of STD/HIV Prevention Training Centers, which trains clinicians to effectively serve at-risk patients. TB – In New York, CDC funds the State and New York City health departments for TB prevention and control activities. These funds also support the identification and evaluation of persons exposed to TB, as well as laboratory services. CDC also funds a university for TB research and the TB partnership activities of a national organization located in New York. Viral Hepatitis – In New York, CDC supports projects to improve the delivery of primary and secondary viral hepatitis prevention services in health-care settings and public health programs that serve at-risk adults and adolescents. CDC also supports enhanced, active surveillance projects to monitor the burden of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Further, CDC supports auxiliary perinatal hepatitis B prevention projects to facilitate or enhance the success of current immunization practices to prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B. For More Information New York: http://www.health.ny.gov/ CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/