Table 7.1b: Elements of a written hospital policy by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011
	In-service training	Prenatal breastfeeding classes	Asking about mothers' feeding plans	Early initiation of breastfeeding	Teaching lactation maintenance during separation	Exclusive breastfeeding	24 hr/day rooming-in	Breastfeeding on-demand	Pacifier use	Referral of mothers with breastfeeding problems	N
All	57.0	55.1	82.3	80.9	71.8	66.6	68.7	81.1	54.2	71.6	2742
State
AK	61.1	50.0	84.2	87.5	58.8	52.9	88.2	88.2	29.4	70.6	20
AL	56.8	44.2	81.4	75.0	70.5	64.4	59.1	75.6	45.0	67.4	46
AR	57.7	48.0	92.9	53.8	48.1	44.4	61.5	57.7	33.3	48.0	28
AZ	57.9	50.0	84.2	84.6	76.3	65.8	82.1	87.2	63.2	78.9	41
CA	65.2	64.4	87.1	88.7	85.6	77.6	86.0	89.8	70.0	85.9	218
CO	57.4	42.2	80.9	89.6	71.7	78.3	78.3	87.2	67.4	78.3	48
CT	79.2	73.9	95.0	87.0	86.4	73.9	76.2	95.5	63.6	90.9	24
DC	80.0	60.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	5
DE	83.3	66.7	100.0	83.3	66.7	100.0	83.3	100.0	100.0	83.3	6
FL	51.2	57.5	85.1	84.5	77.9	65.1	67.9	84.9	57.3	80.0	89
GA	52.3	57.1	84.1	84.1	75.4	62.5	62.7	79.4	50.0	70.3	75
HI	40.0	33.3	100.0	100.0	75.0	100.0	80.0	83.3	60.0	66.7	7
IA	46.8	56.7	74.2	75.0	59.7	58.5	52.2	76.1	45.5	53.8	71
ID	68.0	56.0	76.9	92.6	61.5	80.8	81.5	73.1	61.5	79.2	27
IL	43.0	46.2	78.6	75.5	69.8	56.3	68.9	82.7	49.0	62.7	109
IN	56.0	48.2	76.4	79.1	75.3	64.4	46.7	83.3	59.1	69.7	94
KS	45.1	61.2	74.5	76.4	57.7	56.9	70.9	71.4	32.7	62.3	61
KY	50.0	47.5	69.2	67.4	55.8	53.8	43.6	75.6	50.0	57.5	45
LA	68.9	61.7	83.0	75.0	70.0	63.0	66.0	81.6	52.0	64.0	51
MA	76.2	70.5	78.3	97.8	93.3	88.9	82.2	95.6	77.8	86.7	46
MD	64.3	62.5	96.3	92.9	89.7	71.4	85.7	89.7	60.7	89.3	30
ME	68.0	48.0	72.0	91.7	83.3	88.0	80.0	92.3	76.0	83.3	27
MI	58.6	62.3	80.8	87.7	79.2	66.7	70.4	84.0	54.9	75.3	77
MN	53.3	64.1	83.1	75.3	68.3	73.2	70.7	81.7	59.3	80.0	89
MO	59.6	42.9	79.3	78.7	68.3	59.0	62.7	77.6	41.4	61.7	64
MS	52.4	47.6	71.4	50.0	54.5	25.0	45.5	50.0	19.0	40.0	22
MT	41.7	46.2	73.1	65.4	50.0	50.0	50.0	60.9	33.3	56.5	28
NC	60.6	48.5	87.1	80.3	73.6	73.6	72.9	82.2	56.1	75.3	78
ND	80.0	81.8	100.0	100.0	100.0	90.0	81.8	100.0	72.7	81.8	11
NE	44.7	42.2	72.3	84.8	51.1	63.0	68.8	77.1	42.6	51.1	49
NH	60.0	78.9	95.0	95.2	90.5	85.7	85.0	95.0	71.4	95.2	21
NJ	53.7	53.5	77.3	81.4	78.6	66.7	60.5	90.7	60.5	81.4	44
NM	45.8	37.5	79.2	79.2	65.2	63.6	76.0	80.0	41.7	66.7	26
NV	57.1	53.3	69.2	71.4	71.4	57.1	76.9	71.4	46.2	71.4	15
NY	62.0	74.8	91.6	94.4	90.6	85.6	94.4	94.4	76.0	91.3	109
OH	51.9	53.6	83.7	79.1	78.7	72.2	65.9	85.6	56.8	79.1	94
OK	50.0	51.1	70.5	77.8	55.8	55.6	59.2	67.4	34.1	65.1	49
OR	53.1	47.9	88.5	90.2	66.0	66.7	69.4	78.8	43.1	67.3	53
PA	62.8	65.1	90.8	82.0	80.0	65.2	67.4	86.5	48.2	75.3	93
PI	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	80.0	100.0	100.0	75.0	100.0	5
PR	57.1	50.0	85.7	100.0	100.0	57.1	71.4	85.7	33.3	85.7	7
RI	100.0	100.0	100.0	83.3	83.3	100.0	66.7	100.0	83.3	80.0	6
SC	65.7	48.6	80.6	73.0	66.7	61.1	65.7	77.8	44.1	66.7	38
SD	43.8	61.1	82.4	68.8	70.6	61.1	63.2	88.9	66.7	68.4	20
TN	68.5	45.5	79.3	58.6	62.1	56.1	59.6	64.9	45.8	49.1	60
TX	57.4	50.5	81.6	74.8	62.1	53.5	55.5	72.4	44.4	61.6	219
UT	55.9	55.9	82.9	78.0	61.5	67.5	54.1	66.7	40.0	61.0	42
VA	47.4	57.9	87.5	75.0	69.8	68.3	63.4	65.9	46.2	68.3	44
VT	40.0	44.4	80.0	100.0	80.0	90.0	70.0	90.0	90.0	70.0	10
WA	52.7	49.2	85.5	91.8	69.4	74.6	90.3	85.7	59.0	80.0	68
WI	59.2	57.7	74.4	84.1	67.1	64.6	60.8	80.7	60.8	70.5	87
WV	40.0	34.6	80.0	80.0	65.2	64.0	68.0	80.8	45.8	52.0	28
WY	40.0	31.3	73.3	52.9	33.3	66.7	52.9	66.7	43.8	56.3	18

Table 7.2b: Modes used to inform staff of breastfeeding policies by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011
	In-service training	Policy is posted	Newsletter	New staff training	New staff orientation	Staff meeting	Word of mouth	N
All	72.4	79.8	13.6	71.0	59.1	76.3	44.4	2742
State
AK	50.0	66.7	0.0	55.6	33.3	50.0	55.6	20
AL	71.1	77.8	13.3	68.9	62.2	73.3	40.0	46
AR	55.6	77.8	0.0	55.6	48.1	63.0	40.7	28
AZ	77.5	77.5	15.0	65.0	57.5	82.5	55.0	41
CA	81.9	86.2	16.2	74.3	68.1	81.4	45.7	218
CO	79.2	81.3	16.7	64.6	64.6	70.8	41.7	48
CT	87.5	83.3	16.7	75.0	70.8	79.2	54.2	24
DC	80.0	80.0	20.0	100.0	40.0	100.0	40.0	5
DE	50.0	100.0	0.0	83.3	66.7	83.3	16.7	6
FL	69.9	80.7	10.8	68.7	60.2	81.9	43.4	89
GA	62.5	86.1	12.5	65.3	51.4	75.0	37.5	75
HI	100.0	100.0	0.0	42.9	85.7	71.4	28.6	7
IA	59.4	75.4	10.1	72.5	60.9	79.7	44.9	71
ID	77.8	88.9	18.5	66.7	51.9	70.4	44.4	27
IL	74.5	87.7	13.2	78.3	60.4	78.3	47.2	109
IN	80.2	84.6	7.7	69.2	53.8	81.3	46.2	94
KS	61.4	66.7	10.5	56.1	47.4	64.9	43.9	61
KY	55.8	76.7	2.3	55.8	55.8	76.7	32.6	45
LA	74.0	74.0	12.0	72.0	66.0	82.0	48.0	51
MA	91.3	91.3	17.4	87.0	73.9	89.1	56.5	46
MD	73.3	90.0	13.3	86.7	63.3	83.3	60.0	30
ME	69.2	80.8	23.1	76.9	65.4	65.4	57.7	27
MI	65.8	78.9	18.4	84.2	56.6	75.0	53.9	77
MN	65.5	77.0	18.4	74.7	64.4	74.7	54.0	89
MO	79.0	83.9	19.4	66.1	59.7	87.1	48.4	64
MS	73.7	63.2	0.0	63.2	47.4	63.2	36.8	22
MT	64.0	56.0	4.0	60.0	56.0	72.0	48.0	28
NC	74.7	89.3	17.3	70.7	60.0	78.7	34.7	78
ND	81.8	81.8	45.5	72.7	81.8	81.8	72.7	11
NE	49.0	71.4	10.2	49.0	32.7	49.0	55.1	49
NH	85.0	100.0	15.0	85.0	70.0	90.0	40.0	21
NJ	86.0	90.7	25.6	72.1	67.4	83.7	37.2	44
NM	62.5	75.0	4.2	58.3	62.5	70.8	41.7	26
NV	78.6	78.6	14.3	57.1	50.0	71.4	42.9	15
NY	82.6	82.6	11.0	74.3	66.1	86.2	43.1	109
OH	76.9	85.7	15.4	72.5	59.3	76.9	38.5	94
OK	68.1	70.2	2.1	59.6	55.3	59.6	42.6	49
OR	71.7	75.5	24.5	60.4	52.8	84.9	35.8	53
PA	73.1	90.3	11.8	79.6	57.0	68.8	50.5	93
PI	60.0	100.0	0.0	60.0	60.0	60.0	0.0	5
PR	57.1	42.9	14.3	71.4	57.1	57.1	14.3	7
RI	66.7	83.3	16.7	83.3	83.3	66.7	33.3	6
SC	64.9	81.1	8.1	70.3	45.9	64.9	32.4	38
SD	75.0	80.0	20.0	85.0	50.0	80.0	35.0	20
TN	76.7	81.7	10.0	76.7	56.7	76.7	45.0	60
TX	69.7	66.8	8.2	72.6	56.7	71.6	40.9	219
UT	69.2	53.8	15.4	61.5	48.7	84.6	41.0	42
VA	74.4	79.1	20.9	79.1	60.5	81.4	41.9	44
VT	50.0	80.0	0.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	50.0	10
WA	72.7	80.3	27.3	69.7	63.6	72.7	54.5	68
WI	76.7	82.6	19.8	76.7	59.3	76.7	39.5	87
WV	60.7	75.0	7.1	82.1	60.7	78.6	35.7	28
WY	52.9	64.7	23.5	47.1	58.8	82.4	47.1	18

Table 7.3b: Documentation of breastfeeding practices by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011
Does the facility document rates of breastfeeding among patients
	No/not sure	Only intention at admission	Yes, rates are assessed	N
All	71.8	14.5	13.8	2719
State
AK	70.0	10.0	20.0	20
AL	78.3	13.0	8.7	46
AR	42.9	21.4	35.7	28
AZ	65.9	22.0	12.2	41
CA	85.8	2.8	11.5	218
CO	75.0	14.6	10.4	48
CT	79.2	8.3	12.5	24
DC	100.0	0.0	0.0	5
DE	83.3	16.7	0.0	6
FL	72.7	14.8	12.5	88
GA	71.2	13.7	15.1	73
HI	71.4	0.0	28.6	7
IA	53.5	21.1	25.4	71
ID	66.7	14.8	18.5	27
IL	68.8	19.3	11.9	109
IN	72.8	18.5	8.7	92
KS	58.3	21.7	20.0	60
KY	82.2	6.7	11.1	45
LA	68.6	19.6	11.8	51
MA	84.8	13.0	2.2	46
MD	70.0	16.7	13.3	30
ME	84.6	7.7	7.7	26
MI	68.8	18.2	13.0	77
MN	62.5	11.4	26.1	88
MO	68.3	20.6	11.1	63
MS	50.0	36.4	13.6	22
MT	60.7	10.7	28.6	28
NC	75.7	14.9	9.5	74
ND	72.7	18.2	9.1	11
NE	56.3	14.6	29.2	48
NH	76.2	19.0	4.8	21
NJ	90.7	4.7	4.7	43
NM	69.2	11.5	19.2	26
NV	60.0	20.0	20.0	15
NY	89.9	9.2	0.9	109
OH	87.2	12.8	0.0	94
OK	61.2	24.5	14.3	49
OR	73.6	5.7	20.8	53
PA	62.4	24.7	12.9	93
PI	75.0	0.0	25.0	4
PR	85.7	0.0	14.3	7
RI	66.7	16.7	16.7	6
SC	60.5	15.8	23.7	38
SD	70.0	25.0	5.0	20
TN	63.3	20.0	16.7	60
TX	70.2	13.5	16.3	215
UT	57.1	19.0	23.8	42
VA	63.6	22.7	13.6	44
VT	100.0	0.0	0.0	9
WA	67.2	14.9	17.9	67
WI	80.5	9.2	10.3	87
WV	60.7	14.3	25.0	28
WY	64.7	11.8	23.5	17

Table 7.4b: Supports offered to breastfeeding staff members by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011
	Designated room to express milk	On-site child care	Electric breast pump provided	Permission to use breaks to express milk	Breastfeeding support group	Lactation consultant available	Paid maternity leave	N
All	82.5	12.8	80.1	97.1	25.1	73.7	34.3	2742
State
AK	68.4	26.3	80.0	95.0	22.2	84.2	30.0	20
AL	82.6	13.0	87.0	100.0	22.2	76.1	13.0	46
AR	71.4	14.3	71.4	100.0	3.6	39.3	10.7	28
AZ	82.5	7.7	85.0	100.0	33.3	67.5	35.1	41
CA	81.5	8.5	78.8	96.8	28.0	75.0	62.0	218
CO	89.6	10.6	85.4	100.0	36.2	85.4	34.0	48
CT	100.0	29.2	95.8	100.0	52.2	79.2	50.0	24
DC	100.0	20.0	80.0	100.0	80.0	100.0	20.0	5
DE	83.3	16.7	100.0	100.0	33.3	83.3	50.0	6
FL	87.2	22.6	91.9	98.8	29.8	81.4	21.4	89
GA	72.6	18.1	77.8	95.9	25.7	69.4	26.0	75
HI	57.1	14.3	85.7	100.0	14.3	57.1	14.3	7
IA	88.7	20.0	83.1	100.0	21.4	69.6	44.3	71
ID	77.8	22.2	70.4	96.3	25.9	85.2	37.0	27
IL	83.5	20.6	87.2	97.2	32.1	82.6	30.5	109
IN	88.0	12.1	85.9	97.8	41.3	79.3	34.4	94
KS	73.3	5.3	59.3	100.0	26.8	66.1	24.1	61
KY	72.7	20.0	75.6	91.1	13.3	68.9	23.3	45
LA	72.0	5.9	72.5	96.1	15.7	70.6	27.5	51
MA	91.3	13.3	95.7	97.8	51.1	97.8	15.9	46
MD	93.3	23.3	96.7	96.7	39.3	80.0	27.6	30
ME	88.0	4.2	96.0	100.0	68.0	92.0	33.3	27
MI	93.5	7.9	87.0	97.4	18.4	80.3	50.6	77
MN	78.2	3.4	59.8	97.7	8.2	64.4	33.7	89
MO	77.8	14.3	77.8	98.4	33.3	68.3	29.0	64
MS	61.9	4.8	61.9	95.2	4.8	76.2	28.6	22
MT	77.8	7.7	48.1	96.4	23.1	74.1	22.2	28
NC	86.7	13.7	86.5	98.7	25.3	70.3	34.2	78
ND	90.9	0.0	80.0	100.0	0.0	100.0	30.0	11
NE	75.5	18.4	57.1	98.0	26.5	59.2	32.7	49
NH	100.0	30.0	95.2	100.0	55.0	95.2	25.0	21
NJ	88.6	36.4	93.2	100.0	30.2	72.7	70.5	44
NM	64.0	7.7	68.0	92.0	7.7	53.8	36.0	26
NV	66.7	13.3	73.3	86.7	26.7	53.3	40.0	15
NY	89.0	13.3	91.7	99.1	28.2	88.0	38.5	109
OH	95.7	8.6	95.7	98.9	28.3	88.3	40.2	94
OK	87.5	14.3	72.9	98.0	14.9	61.2	26.5	49
OR	83.0	7.7	73.6	100.0	26.4	79.2	25.0	53
PA	89.1	16.7	88.0	96.8	35.2	76.1	31.1	93
PI	60.0	40.0	60.0	100.0	20.0	60.0	60.0	5
PR	100.0	0.0	25.0	100.0	50.0	60.0	100.0	7
RI	100.0	0.0	83.3	100.0	33.3	100.0	66.7	6
SC	75.7	10.5	84.2	97.4	21.1	63.2	34.2	38
SD	80.0	5.0	70.0	100.0	10.0	80.0	40.0	20
TN	81.4	6.8	81.7	96.6	6.8	68.3	17.2	60
TX	79.0	5.2	73.8	90.2	18.0	61.8	22.2	219
UT	69.0	14.6	73.2	85.0	5.1	50.0	33.3	42
VA	84.1	25.0	81.8	100.0	29.5	77.3	31.8	44
VT	70.0	10.0	100.0	100.0	30.0	90.0	40.0	10
WA	76.9	6.1	71.2	97.0	15.2	57.6	26.6	68
WI	87.2	13.1	78.8	98.8	22.6	88.4	52.4	87
WV	70.4	11.1	70.4	96.4	3.8	63.0	19.2	28
WY	58.8	23.5	82.4	100.0	0.0	64.7	17.6	18

Table 7.5b: Facility's receipt of free formula by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011
Does the facility receive infant formula free of charge
	Yes	No	Not sure	N
All	82.0	16.0	2.0	2725
State
AK	35.0	55.0	10.0	20
AL	95.7	2.2	2.2	46
AR	92.9	7.1	0.0	28
AZ	82.5	12.5	5.0	40
CA	61.4	37.2	1.4	215
CO	83.0	17.0	0.0	47
CT	62.5	33.3	4.2	24
DC	60.0	40.0	0.0	5
DE	66.7	33.3	0.0	6
FL	84.3	15.7	0.0	89
GA	92.0	4.0	4.0	75
HI	71.4	28.6	0.0	7
IA	95.8	1.4	2.8	71
ID	85.2	11.1	3.7	27
IL	93.6	4.6	1.8	109
IN	87.1	12.9	0.0	93
KS	88.3	8.3	3.3	60
KY	93.3	6.7	0.0	45
LA	98.0	2.0	0.0	51
MA	69.6	30.4	0.0	46
MD	90.0	10.0	0.0	30
ME	55.6	44.4	0.0	27
MI	90.9	9.1	0.0	77
MN	62.5	33.0	4.5	88
MO	96.8	3.2	0.0	63
MS	100.0	0.0	0.0	22
MT	77.8	18.5	3.7	27
NC	83.3	15.4	1.3	78
ND	72.7	27.3	0.0	11
NE	87.8	8.2	4.1	49
NH	57.1	42.9	0.0	21
NJ	88.6	11.4	0.0	44
NM	69.2	26.9	3.8	26
NV	86.7	6.7	6.7	15
NY	85.2	12.0	2.8	108
OH	89.4	10.6	0.0	94
OK	93.9	6.1	0.0	49
OR	63.5	28.8	7.7	52
PA	91.3	6.5	2.2	92
PI	60.0	20.0	20.0	5
PR	85.7	0.0	14.3	7
RI	66.7	33.3	0.0	6
SC	86.5	13.5	0.0	37
SD	95.0	0.0	5.0	20
TN	86.7	11.7	1.7	60
TX	82.6	16.0	1.4	219
UT	81.0	16.7	2.4	42
VA	84.1	11.4	4.5	44
VT	90.0	10.0	0.0	10
WA	65.7	31.3	3.0	67
WI	69.8	26.7	3.5	86
WV	96.3	0.0	3.7	27
WY	94.4	5.6	0.0	18

Table 7.6b: Inclusion of breastfeeding in prenatal patient education by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011
Does the facility include breastfeeding as component of prenatal education
	No/not sure	Yes	N
All	92.8	7.2	2718
State
AK	75.0	25.0	20
AL	93.5	6.5	46
AR	81.5	18.5	27
AZ	97.6	2.4	41
CA	90.3	9.7	217
CO	95.7	4.3	46
CT	100.0	0.0	24
DC	100.0	0.0	5
DE	100.0	0.0	6
FL	92.1	7.9	89
GA	93.2	6.8	74
HI	100.0	0.0	7
IA	98.6	1.4	71
ID	100.0	0.0	26
IL	98.2	1.8	109
IN	95.7	4.3	94
KS	93.4	6.6	61
KY	84.4	15.6	45
LA	84.0	16.0	50
MA	95.7	4.3	46
MD	90.0	10.0	30
ME	100.0	0.0	27
MI	100.0	0.0	76
MN	97.7	2.3	88
MO	93.8	6.3	64
MS	95.5	4.5	22
MT	92.9	7.1	28
NC	96.1	3.9	76
ND	81.8	18.2	11
NE	97.9	2.1	48
NH	100.0	0.0	21
NJ	93.2	6.8	44
NM	84.6	15.4	26
NV	93.3	6.7	15
NY	95.4	4.6	108
OH	98.9	1.1	93
OK	83.7	16.3	49
OR	96.2	3.8	52
PA	95.7	4.3	92
PI	100.0	0.0	5
PR	50.0	50.0	6
RI	100.0	0.0	6
SC	100.0	0.0	37
SD	85.0	15.0	20
TN	96.7	3.3	60
TX	81.1	18.9	217
UT	92.7	7.3	41
VA	97.7	2.3	44
VT	90.0	10.0	10
WA	83.6	16.4	67
WI	96.6	3.4	87
WV	92.9	7.1	28
WY	81.3	18.8	16

Table 7.7b: Existence of a designated lactation coordinator by state
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011
Does the facility have a designated lactation coordinator
	Yes	No	N
All	71.2	28.8	2733
State
AK	55.0	45.0	20
AL	71.7	28.3	46
AR	46.4	53.6	28
AZ	70.0	30.0	40
CA	76.6	23.4	218
CO	81.3	18.8	48
CT	87.5	12.5	24
DC	100.0	0.0	5
DE	100.0	0.0	6
FL	70.5	29.5	88
GA	73.3	26.7	75
HI	71.4	28.6	7
IA	72.9	27.1	70
ID	77.8	22.2	27
IL	76.1	23.9	109
IN	82.6	17.4	92
KS	49.2	50.8	61
KY	64.4	35.6	45
LA	72.5	27.5	51
MA	93.5	6.5	46
MD	83.3	16.7	30
ME	81.5	18.5	27
MI	68.8	31.2	77
MN	64.0	36.0	89
MO	64.1	35.9	64
MS	59.1	40.9	22
MT	60.7	39.3	28
NC	70.5	29.5	78
ND	90.9	9.1	11
NE	68.8	31.3	48
NH	85.7	14.3	21
NJ	79.5	20.5	44
NM	46.2	53.8	26
NV	60.0	40.0	15
NY	83.5	16.5	109
OH	90.3	9.7	93
OK	57.1	42.9	49
OR	71.7	28.3	53
PA	76.3	23.7	93
PI	60.0	40.0	5
PR	28.6	71.4	7
RI	100.0	0.0	6
SC	68.4	31.6	38
SD	78.9	21.1	19
TN	68.3	31.7	60
TX	56.2	43.8	219
UT	57.1	42.9	42
VA	70.5	29.5	44
VT	40.0	60.0	10
WA	64.2	35.8	67
WI	83.9	16.1	87
WV	64.3	35.7	28
WY	55.6	44.4	18