| Table 7.1a: Elements of a written hospital policy by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | |||||||||||
| In-service training | Prenatal breastfeeding classes | Asking about mothers' feeding plans | Early initiation of breastfeeding | Teaching lactation maintenance during separation | Exclusive breastfeeding | 24 hr/day rooming-in | Breastfeeding on-demand | Pacifier use | Referral of mothers with breastfeeding problems | N | |
| All | 57.0 | 55.1 | 82.3 | 81.0 | 71.8 | 66.6 | 68.7 | 81.2 | 54.2 | 71.6 | 2738 |
| Type of facility | |||||||||||
| Birth center | 56.6 | 81.1 | 90.3 | 90.0 | 60.3 | 42.7 | 70.5 | 85.2 | 37.2 | 84.8 | 143 |
| Government hospital | 53.6 | 44.8 | 78.2 | 74.7 | 59.9 | 61.6 | 65.5 | 76.7 | 47.7 | 64.6 | 525 |
| Non-profit hospital | 58.2 | 57.1 | 83.5 | 84.2 | 77.2 | 71.4 | 71.2 | 83.7 | 59.4 | 74.5 | 1707 |
| Private hospital | 56.3 | 48.2 | 79.2 | 70.7 | 67.5 | 60.1 | 59.4 | 73.8 | 44.3 | 61.0 | 345 |
| Military hospital | 58.8 | 83.3 | 81.3 | 83.3 | 77.8 | 70.6 | 100.0 | 77.8 | 62.5 | 88.2 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||||||||
| Yes | 64.8 | 65.1 | 91.0 | 87.4 | 88.3 | 82.8 | 79.6 | 88.0 | 71.4 | 85.4 | 210 |
| No | 56.3 | 52.6 | 81.0 | 79.9 | 71.0 | 66.6 | 67.7 | 80.3 | 53.6 | 69.5 | 2385 |
| Size of facility | |||||||||||
| 1-249 | 48.4 | 50.2 | 77.3 | 74.5 | 52.3 | 51.6 | 64.9 | 74.4 | 40.1 | 62.5 | 606 |
| 250-499 | 51.3 | 47.2 | 81.9 | 78.2 | 63.2 | 62.0 | 68.4 | 78.6 | 47.9 | 64.7 | 475 |
| 500-999 | 58.1 | 53.8 | 79.8 | 79.8 | 72.3 | 63.9 | 65.2 | 78.4 | 52.4 | 68.4 | 569 |
| 1000-1999 | 61.4 | 62.2 | 85.2 | 84.2 | 83.5 | 74.8 | 73.4 | 86.2 | 60.4 | 78.1 | 564 |
| 2000-4999 | 65.7 | 62.0 | 88.1 | 88.2 | 88.3 | 81.3 | 72.1 | 88.9 | 70.3 | 83.8 | 463 |
| 5000 or more | 64.3 | 61.4 | 84.5 | 88.5 | 79.7 | 81.4 | 72.4 | 85.2 | 70.0 | 83.3 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 51.9 | 52.2 | 79.8 | 77.2 | 59.9 | 57.1 | 68.0 | 77.2 | 46.7 | 65.8 | 1067 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 57.1 | 52.8 | 81.7 | 81.0 | 73.8 | 67.5 | 67.1 | 81.3 | 51.3 | 70.3 | 1066 |
| Level 3 NICU | 65.6 | 64.7 | 87.7 | 87.2 | 88.5 | 81.3 | 72.9 | 87.7 | 72.1 | 83.5 | 605 |
| Census region | |||||||||||
| Pacific | 61.3 | 58.5 | 87.3 | 89.7 | 78.6 | 74.6 | 84.6 | 87.4 | 61.8 | 81.3 | 370 |
| Mountain | 54.3 | 47.0 | 79.1 | 79.7 | 64.0 | 68.0 | 70.2 | 76.2 | 52.0 | 69.9 | 245 |
| West North Central | 51.1 | 56.0 | 78.5 | 77.9 | 63.7 | 63.9 | 65.6 | 78.8 | 47.9 | 64.4 | 364 |
| East North Central | 53.2 | 52.9 | 78.8 | 80.6 | 73.8 | 64.5 | 62.4 | 83.3 | 55.8 | 71.1 | 460 |
| West South Central | 57.9 | 51.9 | 81.2 | 73.4 | 61.2 | 54.5 | 58.0 | 71.8 | 43.6 | 61.3 | 346 |
| East South Central | 58.7 | 45.9 | 76.4 | 64.1 | 61.7 | 54.0 | 53.7 | 68.7 | 43.1 | 55.0 | 173 |
| New England | 70.9 | 67.5 | 83.5 | 93.8 | 88.3 | 86.2 | 79.5 | 94.6 | 75.2 | 86.6 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 60.8 | 67.2 | 88.7 | 87.5 | 84.5 | 74.5 | 78.5 | 90.8 | 62.9 | 83.5 | 246 |
| South Atlantic | 55.5 | 53.5 | 86.0 | 82.2 | 75.3 | 67.6 | 69.3 | 81.1 | 53.5 | 74.1 | 400 |
| Table 7.2a: Modes used to inform staff of breastfeeding policies by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||||||
| In-service training | Policy is posted | Newsletter | New staff training | New staff orientation | Staff meeting | Word of mouth | N | |
| All | 72.3 | 79.9 | 13.7 | 71.0 | 59.1 | 76.3 | 44.5 | 2738 |
| Type of facility | ||||||||
| Birth center | 59.4 | 57.1 | 3.8 | 61.7 | 54.1 | 59.4 | 50.4 | 143 |
| Government hospital | 64.5 | 73.7 | 10.0 | 62.0 | 60.0 | 72.0 | 42.7 | 525 |
| Non-profit hospital | 76.2 | 83.9 | 17.0 | 76.2 | 61.4 | 79.0 | 45.9 | 1707 |
| Private hospital | 70.1 | 78.7 | 7.3 | 62.2 | 48.5 | 76.8 | 37.2 | 345 |
| Military hospital | 77.8 | 66.7 | 0.0 | 72.2 | 50.0 | 61.1 | 50.0 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||||
| Yes | 85.6 | 91.8 | 27.9 | 87.0 | 74.5 | 78.4 | 54.3 | 210 |
| No | 71.9 | 80.1 | 12.9 | 70.1 | 58.0 | 77.0 | 43.2 | 2385 |
| Size of facility | ||||||||
| 1-249 | 57.1 | 68.4 | 4.4 | 57.1 | 46.9 | 64.6 | 44.9 | 606 |
| 250-499 | 65.3 | 74.6 | 7.8 | 67.0 | 54.2 | 75.7 | 39.0 | 475 |
| 500-999 | 73.8 | 81.9 | 12.1 | 70.8 | 57.4 | 80.1 | 42.6 | 569 |
| 1000-1999 | 81.2 | 86.1 | 20.4 | 79.2 | 66.7 | 80.3 | 48.3 | 564 |
| 2000-4999 | 85.1 | 88.6 | 23.2 | 81.4 | 70.2 | 81.2 | 46.0 | 463 |
| 5000 or more | 80.0 | 86.7 | 26.7 | 81.7 | 73.3 | 81.7 | 53.3 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 62.9 | 73.2 | 6.0 | 63.2 | 53.4 | 71.5 | 42.6 | 1067 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 74.7 | 81.6 | 15.0 | 71.3 | 57.4 | 78.5 | 43.6 | 1066 |
| Level 3 NICU | 84.4 | 88.3 | 24.4 | 83.8 | 71.9 | 80.6 | 49.2 | 605 |
| Census region | ||||||||
| Pacific | 77.2 | 83.0 | 18.1 | 69.6 | 63.5 | 78.3 | 45.4 | 370 |
| Mountain | 71.8 | 72.2 | 14.1 | 61.5 | 56.8 | 76.1 | 45.3 | 245 |
| West North Central | 64.7 | 76.0 | 15.5 | 66.9 | 55.6 | 73.2 | 49.4 | 364 |
| East North Central | 75.1 | 84.2 | 14.7 | 76.0 | 58.0 | 77.8 | 44.9 | 460 |
| West South Central | 68.9 | 69.2 | 7.3 | 69.2 | 57.1 | 70.7 | 42.3 | 346 |
| East South Central | 69.5 | 77.2 | 7.8 | 67.7 | 56.9 | 74.3 | 39.5 | 173 |
| New England | 81.1 | 87.9 | 16.7 | 79.5 | 70.5 | 80.3 | 52.3 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 79.6 | 86.9 | 13.9 | 75.9 | 62.9 | 79.2 | 44.9 | 246 |
| South Atlantic | 68.7 | 83.2 | 13.2 | 72.8 | 57.3 | 78.0 | 39.1 | 400 |
| Table 7.3a: Documentation of breastfeeding practices by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||
| Does the facility document rates of breastfeeding among patients | ||||
| Yes, rates are assessed | Only intention at admission | No/not sure | N | |
| All | 71.8 | 14.4 | 13.8 | 2717 |
| Type of facility | ||||
| Birth center | 90.8 | 2.1 | 7.1 | 141 |
| Government hospital | 65.8 | 14.2 | 20.0 | 521 |
| Non-profit hospital | 73.9 | 14.9 | 11.2 | 1695 |
| Private hospital | 62.6 | 17.5 | 19.9 | 342 |
| Military hospital | 72.2 | 11.1 | 16.7 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||
| Yes | 80.5 | 12.4 | 7.1 | 210 |
| No | 69.9 | 15.3 | 14.8 | 2366 |
| Size of facility | ||||
| 1-249 | 66.7 | 11.0 | 22.3 | 600 |
| 250-499 | 64.5 | 19.1 | 16.3 | 471 |
| 500-999 | 71.3 | 17.0 | 11.7 | 565 |
| 1000-1999 | 77.7 | 12.1 | 10.2 | 561 |
| 2000-4999 | 77.6 | 14.4 | 8.1 | 459 |
| 5000 or more | 83.6 | 9.8 | 6.6 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||
| Healthy newborn only | 67.3 | 14.2 | 18.6 | 1060 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 71.4 | 15.4 | 13.2 | 1057 |
| Level 3 NICU | 80.3 | 13.2 | 6.5 | 600 |
| Census region | ||||
| Pacific | 79.4 | 5.7 | 14.9 | 369 |
| Mountain | 65.6 | 16.0 | 18.4 | 244 |
| West North Central | 61.1 | 17.8 | 21.1 | 360 |
| East North Central | 75.6 | 15.7 | 8.7 | 459 |
| West South Central | 66.4 | 16.7 | 17.0 | 342 |
| East South Central | 70.5 | 16.8 | 12.7 | 173 |
| New England | 82.6 | 11.4 | 6.1 | 132 |
| Middle Atlantic | 79.6 | 14.3 | 6.1 | 245 |
| South Atlantic | 70.5 | 15.3 | 14.2 | 393 |
| Table 7.4a: Supports offered to breastfeeding staff members by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||||||
| Designated room to express milk | On-site child care | Electric breast pump provided | Permission to use breaks to express milk | Breastfeeding support group | Lactation consultant available | Paid maternity leave | N | |
| All | 82.5 | 12.8 | 80.1 | 97.1 | 25.1 | 73.7 | 34.3 | 2738 |
| Type of facility | ||||||||
| Birth center | 73.3 | 18.8 | 45.5 | 84.2 | 40.3 | 69.2 | 21.1 | 143 |
| Government hospital | 75.9 | 8.7 | 70.4 | 97.3 | 16.4 | 61.4 | 30.5 | 525 |
| Non-profit hospital | 85.6 | 14.7 | 85.5 | 98.3 | 27.0 | 79.4 | 37.0 | 1707 |
| Private hospital | 80.9 | 6.6 | 82.0 | 95.6 | 23.3 | 66.2 | 29.3 | 345 |
| Military hospital | 77.8 | 22.2 | 72.2 | 100.0 | 22.2 | 72.2 | 66.7 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||||
| Yes | 94.8 | 23.9 | 93.8 | 99.0 | 28.4 | 91.4 | 43.5 | 210 |
| No | 81.9 | 11.5 | 80.8 | 97.6 | 24.0 | 72.4 | 34.2 | 2385 |
| Size of facility | ||||||||
| 1-249 | 68.0 | 6.8 | 52.9 | 93.0 | 18.0 | 55.4 | 28.5 | 606 |
| 250-499 | 77.3 | 5.4 | 77.6 | 97.4 | 17.3 | 61.7 | 31.8 | 475 |
| 500-999 | 84.4 | 10.0 | 90.8 | 97.9 | 27.4 | 78.1 | 33.6 | 569 |
| 1000-1999 | 90.0 | 18.0 | 89.1 | 98.2 | 30.9 | 85.6 | 37.6 | 564 |
| 2000-4999 | 92.8 | 22.1 | 91.1 | 99.1 | 30.7 | 87.8 | 38.5 | 463 |
| 5000 or more | 95.1 | 34.4 | 95.1 | 100.0 | 36.7 | 85.2 | 50.8 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 72.7 | 6.9 | 66.4 | 94.9 | 19.8 | 60.5 | 30.9 | 1067 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 86.0 | 12.2 | 86.7 | 98.3 | 26.4 | 77.7 | 34.8 | 1066 |
| Level 3 NICU | 93.2 | 24.0 | 92.2 | 98.7 | 32.0 | 89.5 | 39.0 | 605 |
| Census region | ||||||||
| Pacific | 79.5 | 9.4 | 76.6 | 97.3 | 24.8 | 72.4 | 47.6 | 370 |
| Mountain | 75.9 | 12.6 | 74.6 | 95.0 | 21.7 | 68.3 | 32.5 | 245 |
| West North Central | 79.4 | 11.0 | 68.2 | 98.9 | 20.9 | 67.3 | 33.3 | 364 |
| East North Central | 89.3 | 12.9 | 87.1 | 98.0 | 29.1 | 83.8 | 40.8 | 460 |
| West South Central | 78.5 | 7.4 | 73.2 | 93.0 | 16.1 | 61.1 | 22.7 | 346 |
| East South Central | 77.1 | 11.7 | 79.1 | 95.9 | 12.4 | 71.5 | 19.0 | 173 |
| New England | 92.4 | 16.3 | 95.5 | 99.2 | 52.7 | 92.4 | 31.3 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 89.0 | 18.8 | 90.6 | 98.4 | 31.2 | 80.7 | 41.6 | 246 |
| South Atlantic | 82.5 | 18.0 | 84.5 | 97.9 | 27.2 | 73.4 | 29.2 | 400 |
| Table 7.5a: Facility's receipt of free formula by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||
| Does the facility receive infant formula free of charge | ||||
| Yes | No | Not sure | N | |
| All | 82.0 | 16.0 | 2.0 | 2723 |
| Type of facility | ||||
| Birth center | 13.4 | 85.9 | 0.7 | 142 |
| Government hospital | 88.0 | 9.6 | 2.5 | 523 |
| Non-profit hospital | 83.7 | 14.2 | 2.1 | 1696 |
| Private hospital | 94.5 | 4.7 | 0.9 | 344 |
| Military hospital | 50.0 | 44.4 | 5.6 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||
| Yes | 80.4 | 18.7 | 1.0 | 209 |
| No | 86.3 | 11.6 | 2.2 | 2372 |
| Size of facility | ||||
| 1-249 | 69.9 | 26.3 | 3.8 | 601 |
| 250-499 | 88.2 | 9.9 | 1.9 | 474 |
| 500-999 | 87.2 | 11.5 | 1.2 | 564 |
| 1000-1999 | 84.9 | 13.9 | 1.2 | 562 |
| 2000-4999 | 81.6 | 16.9 | 1.5 | 461 |
| 5000 or more | 82.0 | 16.4 | 1.6 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||
| Healthy newborn only | 76.5 | 20.6 | 2.8 | 1061 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 87.2 | 11.3 | 1.5 | 1059 |
| Level 3 NICU | 82.6 | 16.1 | 1.3 | 603 |
| Census region | ||||
| Pacific | 61.2 | 35.5 | 3.3 | 366 |
| Mountain | 81.8 | 15.3 | 2.9 | 242 |
| West North Central | 84.8 | 12.2 | 3.0 | 361 |
| East North Central | 86.5 | 12.4 | 1.1 | 449 |
| West South Central | 87.3 | 11.8 | 0.9 | 346 |
| East South Central | 92.5 | 6.4 | 1.2 | 173 |
| New England | 64.9 | 34.3 | 0.7 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 88.1 | 9.8 | 2.0 | 244 |
| South Atlantic | 86.4 | 11.6 | 2.0 | 398 |
| Table 7.6a: Inclusion of breastfeeding in prenatal patient education by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | |||
| Does the facility include breastfeeding as component of prenatal education | |||
| Yes | No/not sure | N | |
| All | 92.8 | 7.2 | 2715 |
| Type of facility | |||
| Birth center | 89.4 | 10.6 | 141 |
| Government hospital | 86.4 | 13.6 | 523 |
| Non-profit hospital | 95.4 | 4.6 | 1692 |
| Private hospital | 91.2 | 8.8 | 341 |
| Military hospital | 94.4 | 5.6 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | |||
| Yes | 97.1 | 2.9 | 208 |
| No | 92.6 | 7.4 | 2366 |
| Size of facility | |||
| 1-249 | 86.1 | 13.9 | 598 |
| 250-499 | 89.2 | 10.8 | 471 |
| 500-999 | 94.2 | 5.8 | 566 |
| 1000-1999 | 97.1 | 2.9 | 559 |
| 2000-4999 | 97.6 | 2.4 | 460 |
| 5000 or more | 98.4 | 1.6 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||
| Healthy newborn only | 87.8 | 12.2 | 1057 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 94.9 | 5.1 | 1057 |
| Level 3 NICU | 98.0 | 2.0 | 601 |
| Census region | |||
| Pacific | 89.4 | 10.6 | 368 |
| Mountain | 93.3 | 6.7 | 239 |
| West North Central | 95.3 | 4.7 | 362 |
| East North Central | 98.0 | 2.0 | 458 |
| West South Central | 81.9 | 18.1 | 342 |
| East South Central | 92.5 | 7.5 | 173 |
| New England | 97.8 | 2.2 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 95.1 | 4.9 | 244 |
| South Atlantic | 93.9 | 6.1 | 395 |
| Table 7.7a: Existence of a designated lactation coordinator by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | |||
| Does the facility have a designated lactation coordinator | |||
| Yes | No | N | |
| All | 71.2 | 28.8 | 2731 |
| Type of facility | |||
| Birth center | 46.5 | 53.5 | 142 |
| Government hospital | 60.5 | 39.5 | 524 |
| Non-profit hospital | 78.0 | 22.0 | 1703 |
| Private hospital | 63.7 | 36.3 | 344 |
| Military hospital | 72.2 | 27.8 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | |||
| Yes | 91.9 | 8.1 | 210 |
| No | 70.8 | 29.2 | 2379 |
| Size of facility | |||
| 1-249 | 48.1 | 51.9 | 603 |
| 250-499 | 57.6 | 42.4 | 474 |
| 500-999 | 74.6 | 25.4 | 567 |
| 1000-1999 | 85.8 | 14.2 | 563 |
| 2000-4999 | 90.7 | 9.3 | 463 |
| 5000 or more | 90.2 | 9.8 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||
| Healthy newborn only | 54.8 | 45.2 | 1062 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 75.9 | 24.1 | 1064 |
| Level 3 NICU | 91.6 | 8.4 | 605 |
| Census region | |||
| Pacific | 72.2 | 27.8 | 370 |
| Mountain | 65.6 | 34.4 | 244 |
| West North Central | 65.4 | 34.6 | 361 |
| East North Central | 80.6 | 19.4 | 458 |
| West South Central | 57.8 | 42.2 | 346 |
| East South Central | 67.1 | 32.9 | 173 |
| New England | 85.1 | 14.9 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 80.1 | 19.9 | 246 |
| South Atlantic | 71.4 | 28.6 | 399 |