| Table 4.1a: Separation of mother & infant during postpartum transition by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||||
| How many minutes are mothers & infants separated following vaginal birth in transition to recovery room | ||||||
| No separation | <30 minutes | 31-60 minutes | 61-90 minutes | >90 minutes | N | |
| All | 63.0 | 7.2 | 13.8 | 5.7 | 10.3 | 2704 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 96.5 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 143 |
| Government hospital | 55.4 | 12.0 | 14.5 | 4.6 | 13.5 | 518 |
| Non-profit hospital | 65.2 | 6.6 | 14.2 | 6.1 | 7.9 | 1685 |
| Private hospital | 47.9 | 5.3 | 16.5 | 8.5 | 21.8 | 340 |
| Military hospital | 94.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.6 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 53.1 | 1.9 | 15.0 | 10.1 | 19.8 | 207 |
| No | 61.9 | 8.0 | 14.4 | 5.7 | 10.1 | 2354 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 68.8 | 16.1 | 9.9 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 597 |
| 250-499 | 63.4 | 10.5 | 13.5 | 3.9 | 8.8 | 467 |
| 500-999 | 65.1 | 3.7 | 14.2 | 7.1 | 9.9 | 565 |
| 1000-1999 | 61.0 | 2.5 | 15.6 | 8.1 | 12.7 | 557 |
| 2000-4999 | 54.9 | 2.8 | 16.4 | 8.5 | 17.3 | 457 |
| 5000 or more | 62.3 | 3.3 | 13.1 | 6.6 | 14.8 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 66.2 | 12.1 | 11.8 | 2.9 | 7.0 | 1050 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 63.5 | 4.7 | 14.4 | 7.5 | 9.9 | 1060 |
| Level 3 NICU | 56.6 | 3.0 | 16.0 | 7.7 | 16.7 | 594 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 84.6 | 4.3 | 6.5 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 369 |
| Mountain | 68.3 | 14.4 | 9.9 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 243 |
| West North Central | 68.2 | 16.2 | 12.0 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 359 |
| East North Central | 72.2 | 4.2 | 13.1 | 5.7 | 4.8 | 457 |
| West South Central | 46.6 | 5.0 | 16.2 | 6.5 | 25.7 | 339 |
| East South Central | 40.1 | 2.3 | 20.9 | 11.6 | 25.0 | 172 |
| New England | 77.3 | 5.3 | 13.6 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 132 |
| Middle Atlantic | 45.8 | 6.7 | 19.7 | 10.9 | 16.8 | 238 |
| South Atlantic | 53.9 | 5.8 | 16.5 | 8.9 | 14.9 | 395 |
| Table 4.2a: Separation of mother & infant at night by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||||
| How many hours are breastfeeding mother-infant pairs separated at night | ||||||
| No separation | 1-2 hours | 3-5 hours | 5-7 hours | 8 or more hours | N | |
| All | 77.0 | 9.3 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 1.3 | 2700 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 142 |
| Government hospital | 76.9 | 12.2 | 5.6 | 4.1 | 1.2 | 515 |
| Non-profit hospital | 75.8 | 8.7 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 1.5 | 1687 |
| Private hospital | 72.8 | 11.8 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 1.5 | 338 |
| Military hospital | 88.9 | 11.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 80.8 | 5.3 | 7.2 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 208 |
| No | 75.3 | 10.2 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 1.4 | 2350 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 79.6 | 9.4 | 5.9 | 4.5 | 0.5 | 594 |
| 250-499 | 74.1 | 11.1 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 1.3 | 467 |
| 500-999 | 73.5 | 12.3 | 6.2 | 6.9 | 1.1 | 563 |
| 1000-1999 | 78.5 | 7.9 | 6.6 | 5.6 | 1.4 | 558 |
| 2000-4999 | 78.8 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 2.4 | 457 |
| 5000 or more | 78.7 | 3.3 | 11.5 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 77.2 | 10.3 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 0.7 | 1044 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 75.4 | 10.0 | 5.9 | 7.5 | 1.2 | 1058 |
| Level 3 NICU | 79.4 | 6.2 | 7.4 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 598 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 94.0 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 365 |
| Mountain | 87.5 | 6.3 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 240 |
| West North Central | 71.9 | 11.1 | 7.2 | 9.2 | 0.6 | 360 |
| East North Central | 75.9 | 9.9 | 7.2 | 5.5 | 1.5 | 456 |
| West South Central | 75.0 | 10.6 | 7.9 | 5.9 | 0.6 | 340 |
| East South Central | 58.6 | 16.0 | 10.7 | 10.1 | 4.7 | 169 |
| New England | 78.6 | 6.1 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 0.0 | 131 |
| Middle Atlantic | 66.3 | 9.5 | 7.8 | 12.8 | 3.7 | 243 |
| South Atlantic | 76.5 | 10.6 | 6.8 | 4.3 | 1.8 | 396 |
| Table 4.3a: Rooming in at least 23 hours a day by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | |||||
| What percent of healthy full-term infants room with their mothers at least 23 hours a day | |||||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | |
| All | 35.4 | 17.9 | 9.6 | 37.1 | 2709 |
| Type of facility | |||||
| Birth center | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 98.6 | 142 |
| Government hospital | 38.6 | 15.3 | 9.1 | 37.1 | 518 |
| Non-profit hospital | 36.0 | 20.3 | 10.7 | 33.0 | 1692 |
| Private hospital | 42.9 | 18.2 | 9.4 | 29.4 | 340 |
| Military hospital | 17.6 | 5.9 | 0.0 | 76.5 | 17 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 37.5 | 23.1 | 9.6 | 29.8 | 208 |
| No | 37.3 | 18.5 | 10.2 | 34.0 | 2359 |
| Size of facility | |||||
| 1-249 | 29.5 | 14.3 | 8.4 | 47.8 | 596 |
| 250-499 | 42.0 | 16.3 | 9.8 | 31.8 | 471 |
| 500-999 | 35.3 | 17.9 | 10.5 | 36.2 | 563 |
| 1000-1999 | 36.4 | 19.5 | 8.8 | 35.4 | 560 |
| 2000-4999 | 35.2 | 21.0 | 10.9 | 33.0 | 458 |
| 5000 or more | 34.4 | 27.9 | 11.5 | 26.2 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
| Healthy newborn only | 33.1 | 15.1 | 8.6 | 43.2 | 1051 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 36.7 | 19.1 | 9.9 | 34.2 | 1056 |
| Level 3 NICU | 37.0 | 20.6 | 11.0 | 31.4 | 602 |
| Census region | |||||
| Pacific | 8.7 | 7.1 | 9.0 | 75.1 | 366 |
| Mountain | 20.3 | 11.2 | 7.5 | 61.0 | 241 |
| West North Central | 42.5 | 23.7 | 12.6 | 21.2 | 358 |
| East North Central | 39.9 | 22.9 | 11.1 | 26.1 | 459 |
| West South Central | 42.0 | 16.9 | 8.2 | 32.9 | 343 |
| East South Central | 55.3 | 20.0 | 8.8 | 15.9 | 170 |
| New England | 25.4 | 17.9 | 18.7 | 38.1 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 50.4 | 22.5 | 9.4 | 17.6 | 244 |
| South Atlantic | 37.6 | 18.0 | 5.8 | 38.6 | 394 |
| Table 4.4a: Reasons for removing healthy full-term breastfed infants from mother's room by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||||||||
| Pediatric rounds | Change of shift | Visiting hours | Hearing test | Heel stick | Infant photos | Infant' bath | Mother bathing | Mother out of room | N | |
| All | 56.0 | 15.1 | 1.7 | 82.5 | 84.9 | 43.1 | 61.4 | 57.4 | 79.7 | 2738 |
| Type of facility | ||||||||||
| Birth center | 12.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 0.0 | 25.0 | 0.0 | 28.6 | 143 |
| Government hospital | 56.2 | 14.9 | 2.3 | 86.6 | 87.2 | 51.4 | 71.8 | 65.7 | 84.0 | 525 |
| Non-profit hospital | 53.1 | 13.2 | 1.0 | 82.8 | 83.9 | 41.0 | 57.6 | 55.4 | 78.8 | 1707 |
| Private hospital | 73.1 | 25.9 | 4.7 | 76.1 | 87.1 | 44.7 | 69.3 | 59.2 | 80.9 | 345 |
| Military hospital | 43.8 | 11.8 | 0.0 | 75.0 | 93.8 | 12.5 | 25.0 | 17.6 | 50.0 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||||||
| Yes | 49.0 | 10.5 | 0.0 | 74.8 | 76.7 | 8.5 | 56.5 | 52.8 | 74.0 | 210 |
| No | 56.9 | 15.6 | 1.8 | 83.3 | 85.8 | 46.4 | 62.0 | 58.0 | 80.4 | 2385 |
| Size of facility | ||||||||||
| 1-249 | 46.9 | 9.0 | 2.5 | 93.4 | 92.1 | 59.2 | 73.3 | 72.3 | 86.7 | 606 |
| 250-499 | 65.7 | 15.6 | 2.1 | 94.7 | 93.3 | 75.3 | 70.6 | 62.3 | 86.0 | 475 |
| 500-999 | 58.0 | 21.3 | 2.2 | 86.9 | 88.1 | 54.3 | 58.0 | 56.2 | 80.9 | 569 |
| 1000-1999 | 56.0 | 17.3 | 1.3 | 77.0 | 81.5 | 27.4 | 56.5 | 52.5 | 75.7 | 564 |
| 2000-4999 | 52.9 | 11.5 | 0.5 | 65.6 | 72.0 | 7.5 | 53.8 | 48.4 | 71.5 | 463 |
| 5000 or more | 54.2 | 5.2 | 0.0 | 54.2 | 72.9 | 6.9 | 45.6 | 39.7 | 71.9 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 54.4 | 12.8 | 2.5 | 92.0 | 91.3 | 62.5 | 69.0 | 64.7 | 84.4 | 1067 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 56.7 | 18.6 | 1.8 | 83.8 | 85.3 | 44.2 | 58.3 | 54.8 | 79.3 | 1066 |
| Level 3 NICU | 57.1 | 12.4 | 0.3 | 66.7 | 75.2 | 13.8 | 56.0 | 51.4 | 73.8 | 605 |
| Census region | ||||||||||
| Pacific | 24.1 | 3.9 | 0.4 | 65.0 | 67.0 | 28.2 | 41.7 | 35.5 | 60.9 | 370 |
| Mountain | 41.6 | 9.8 | 1.7 | 84.6 | 80.0 | 37.1 | 64.0 | 63.0 | 77.3 | 245 |
| West North Central | 55.4 | 9.5 | 1.5 | 90.6 | 89.4 | 52.7 | 65.7 | 71.9 | 85.5 | 364 |
| East North Central | 59.0 | 8.9 | 0.7 | 92.0 | 88.5 | 48.1 | 58.3 | 58.3 | 82.6 | 460 |
| West South Central | 72.2 | 28.1 | 3.6 | 72.5 | 88.4 | 41.5 | 73.7 | 57.1 | 78.7 | 346 |
| East South Central | 88.6 | 38.5 | 3.9 | 80.7 | 90.6 | 60.3 | 81.8 | 65.0 | 89.9 | 173 |
| New England | 28.6 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 88.2 | 77.8 | 29.2 | 33.3 | 35.5 | 68.3 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 63.1 | 19.0 | 1.3 | 86.2 | 91.2 | 39.1 | 68.2 | 71.5 | 87.9 | 246 |
| South Atlantic | 62.8 | 21.4 | 2.3 | 80.1 | 85.8 | 43.7 | 62.1 | 51.6 | 81.7 | 400 |
| Table 4.5a: Nighttime feedings for non-rooming-in infants by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | |||||||
| How many breastfeeding infants who do not room-in are brought to the mother for breastfeeding at night | |||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | NA-all room in | N | |
| All | 0.9 | 3.3 | 12.3 | 58.9 | 0.4 | 24.3 | 2382 |
| Type of facility | |||||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 37.5 | 0.0 | 62.5 | 8 |
| Government hospital | 0.7 | 3.3 | 9.1 | 60.4 | 0.7 | 25.8 | 450 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.9 | 3.3 | 13.0 | 59.6 | 0.4 | 22.7 | 1596 |
| Private hospital | 1.0 | 3.5 | 14.1 | 56.3 | 0.3 | 24.8 | 311 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 17 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||||
| Yes | 1.5 | 4.9 | 22.1 | 43.1 | 2.0 | 26.5 | 204 |
| No | 0.8 | 3.1 | 11.4 | 60.4 | 0.3 | 23.9 | 2170 |
| Size of facility | |||||||
| 1-249 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 4.9 | 68.4 | 0.5 | 22.7 | 405 |
| 250-499 | 0.5 | 2.6 | 6.3 | 69.1 | 0.0 | 21.6 | 430 |
| 500-999 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 10.9 | 58.1 | 0.4 | 27.3 | 523 |
| 1000-1999 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 15.6 | 56.0 | 0.2 | 24.7 | 527 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.9 | 6.6 | 20.4 | 47.4 | 0.7 | 24.0 | 437 |
| 5000 or more | 1.7 | 3.3 | 30.0 | 36.7 | 3.3 | 25.0 | 60 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.6 | 2.9 | 7.0 | 63.8 | 0.2 | 25.4 | 816 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 1.1 | 2.7 | 12.6 | 59.4 | 0.2 | 23.9 | 990 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.9 | 4.7 | 19.3 | 50.9 | 1.0 | 23.3 | 576 |
| Census region | |||||||
| Pacific | 0.7 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 29.5 | 0.0 | 60.8 | 278 |
| Mountain | 2.3 | 2.3 | 8.6 | 52.6 | 0.0 | 34.3 | 175 |
| West North Central | 0.0 | 2.1 | 7.0 | 80.4 | 0.3 | 10.3 | 341 |
| East North Central | 1.4 | 2.1 | 14.7 | 65.9 | 0.7 | 15.2 | 434 |
| West South Central | 0.7 | 3.9 | 13.8 | 56.5 | 0.7 | 24.4 | 283 |
| East South Central | 0.0 | 5.0 | 11.9 | 71.3 | 0.0 | 11.9 | 160 |
| New England | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10.2 | 62.5 | 0.0 | 27.3 | 128 |
| Middle Atlantic | 1.3 | 6.3 | 23.2 | 58.2 | 0.8 | 10.1 | 237 |
| South Atlantic | 1.2 | 3.8 | 14.5 | 50.9 | 0.6 | 29.2 | 346 |