| Table 3.1a: Documentation of infant feeding decisions by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||||
| How often infant feeding decisions are documented in medical records | ||||||
| Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Almost always | Not sure | N | |
| All | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 97.8 | 0.0 | 2735 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 94.4 | 0.0 | 142 |
| Government hospital | 0.2 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 97.3 | 0.0 | 525 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 98.3 | 0.1 | 1706 |
| Private hospital | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 98.0 | 0.0 | 344 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.6 | 94.4 | 0.0 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 97.6 | 0.0 | 209 |
| No | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 98.1 | 0.0 | 2384 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 3.1 | 95.7 | 0.0 | 605 |
| 250-499 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 98.5 | 0.2 | 475 |
| 500-999 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 97.7 | 0.0 | 569 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 98.8 | 0.0 | 564 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 98.9 | 0.0 | 461 |
| 5000 or more | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 98.4 | 0.0 | 61 |
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 10 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.5 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 96.5 | 0.1 | 1066 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 98.9 | 0.0 | 1066 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 98.3 | 0.0 | 603 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.5 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 97.3 | 0.0 | 370 |
| Mountain | 0.0 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 97.1 | 0.0 | 245 |
| West North Central | 0.3 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 97.0 | 0.0 | 364 |
| East North Central | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 98.3 | 0.0 | 460 |
| West South Central | 0.6 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 96.8 | 0.0 | 344 |
| East South Central | 0.6 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 97.7 | 0.0 | 173 |
| New England | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 98.5 | 0.0 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 99.2 | 0.4 | 245 |
| South Atlantic | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 99.0 | 0.0 | 400 |
| Table 3.2a: Provision of advice & instructions for breastfeeding patients by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||||
| How many breastfeeding patients are provided advice & instructions about breastfeeding | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | N | ||
| All | 0.1 | 1.1 | 8.0 | 90.8 | 2723 | |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 0.7 | 4.9 | 94.4 | 142 | |
| Government hospital | 0.0 | 2.3 | 11.3 | 86.4 | 523 | |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.1 | 0.6 | 6.7 | 92.6 | 1696 | |
| Private hospital | 0.3 | 1.5 | 10.2 | 88.1 | 344 | |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 5.6 | 22.2 | 72.2 | 18 | |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.0 | 0.5 | 7.7 | 91.9 | 209 | |
| No | 0.1 | 1.1 | 8.2 | 90.5 | 2372 | |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 9.0 | 89.5 | 600 | |
| 250-499 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 8.7 | 90.3 | 473 | |
| 500-999 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 8.3 | 90.3 | 567 | |
| 1000-1999 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 6.2 | 92.5 | 562 | |
| 2000-4999 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 7.2 | 92.2 | 460 | |
| 5000 or more | 0.0 | 0.0 | 13.1 | 86.9 | 61 | |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.2 | 1.1 | 8.7 | 90.0 | 1059 | |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 0.1 | 1.3 | 8.6 | 90.0 | 1063 | |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.0 | 0.5 | 5.8 | 93.7 | 601 | |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.3 | 0.3 | 5.1 | 94.3 | 370 | |
| Mountain | 0.0 | 2.4 | 10.2 | 87.3 | 245 | |
| West North Central | 0.0 | 0.6 | 10.3 | 89.2 | 360 | |
| East North Central | 0.2 | 1.1 | 6.1 | 92.6 | 458 | |
| West South Central | 0.0 | 2.3 | 10.8 | 86.9 | 343 | |
| East South Central | 0.6 | 1.7 | 13.4 | 84.3 | 172 | |
| New England | 0.0 | 0.8 | 3.8 | 95.5 | 133 | |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 95.5 | 243 | |
| South Atlantic | 0.0 | 0.8 | 8.3 | 91.0 | 399 | |
| Table 3.3a: Education on infant cues to feed by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||||
| How many patients are taught to recognize & respond to infant cues rather than feeding on a set schedule | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 0.3 | 1.7 | 13.3 | 84.6 | 0.2 | 2723 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.7 | 0.0 | 7.7 | 91.5 | 0.0 | 142 |
| Government hospital | 0.4 | 3.4 | 14.9 | 80.9 | 0.4 | 523 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.2 | 1.2 | 12.7 | 85.7 | 0.2 | 1696 |
| Private hospital | 0.3 | 1.7 | 15.4 | 82.3 | 0.3 | 344 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 5.6 | 16.7 | 77.8 | 0.0 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.0 | 1.9 | 11.0 | 86.1 | 1.0 | 209 |
| No | 0.3 | 1.7 | 13.8 | 84.1 | 0.2 | 2372 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 14.5 | 83.7 | 0.3 | 600 |
| 250-499 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 16.1 | 81.4 | 0.2 | 473 |
| 500-999 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 14.5 | 83.8 | 0.0 | 567 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 10.5 | 87.5 | 0.0 | 562 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 10.7 | 86.7 | 0.4 | 460 |
| 5000 or more | 0.0 | 1.6 | 13.1 | 83.6 | 1.6 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.3 | 1.4 | 14.2 | 83.9 | 0.3 | 1059 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 0.3 | 2.2 | 14.2 | 83.3 | 0.0 | 1063 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.2 | 1.2 | 10.0 | 88.2 | 0.5 | 601 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.0 | 2.2 | 8.9 | 88.9 | 0.0 | 370 |
| Mountain | 0.4 | 2.4 | 18.8 | 78.0 | 0.4 | 245 |
| West North Central | 0.3 | 1.1 | 16.1 | 82.2 | 0.3 | 360 |
| East North Central | 0.7 | 1.3 | 12.9 | 84.7 | 0.4 | 458 |
| West South Central | 0.3 | 3.2 | 14.3 | 82.2 | 0.0 | 343 |
| East South Central | 0.6 | 2.9 | 14.5 | 81.4 | 0.6 | 172 |
| New England | 0.0 | 0.8 | 4.5 | 94.7 | 0.0 | 133 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.0 | 0.0 | 9.1 | 90.9 | 0.0 | 243 |
| South Atlantic | 0.0 | 1.0 | 15.8 | 83.0 | 0.3 | 399 |
| Table 3.4a: Education on limitation to time suckling by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||||
| How often are breastfeeding patients instructed to limit suckling at the breast to a specific length of time | ||||||
| Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Almost always | Not sure | N | |
| All | 47.9 | 24.1 | 14.3 | 11.5 | 2.2 | 2719 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 72.5 | 10.6 | 4.2 | 7.7 | 4.9 | 142 |
| Government hospital | 37.3 | 27.2 | 17.0 | 16.6 | 1.9 | 523 |
| Non-profit hospital | 52.1 | 23.8 | 13.0 | 9.3 | 1.8 | 1692 |
| Private hospital | 34.0 | 26.5 | 20.1 | 16.0 | 3.5 | 344 |
| Military hospital | 27.8 | 22.2 | 33.3 | 16.7 | 0.0 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 59.8 | 24.4 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 209 |
| No | 45.4 | 24.8 | 15.3 | 12.5 | 2.0 | 2368 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 39.2 | 23.7 | 16.7 | 17.5 | 3.0 | 600 |
| 250-499 | 47.6 | 23.3 | 14.2 | 13.3 | 1.7 | 473 |
| 500-999 | 46.1 | 27.0 | 14.8 | 10.2 | 1.8 | 566 |
| 1000-1999 | 53.3 | 21.0 | 14.4 | 9.1 | 2.1 | 561 |
| 2000-4999 | 52.7 | 26.6 | 11.5 | 7.2 | 2.0 | 459 |
| 5000 or more | 66.7 | 15.0 | 8.3 | 6.7 | 3.3 | 60 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 44.9 | 23.3 | 15.2 | 14.1 | 2.6 | 1058 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 45.8 | 25.7 | 15.2 | 11.4 | 2.0 | 1062 |
| Level 3 NICU | 56.9 | 22.5 | 11.4 | 7.3 | 1.8 | 599 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 58.0 | 20.7 | 8.2 | 9.5 | 3.5 | 367 |
| Mountain | 41.2 | 26.1 | 14.3 | 17.1 | 1.2 | 245 |
| West North Central | 40.3 | 31.4 | 14.7 | 11.9 | 1.7 | 360 |
| East North Central | 50.8 | 24.9 | 14.4 | 6.8 | 3.1 | 457 |
| West South Central | 36.3 | 21.8 | 21.5 | 18.0 | 2.3 | 344 |
| East South Central | 36.0 | 20.9 | 19.2 | 22.7 | 1.2 | 172 |
| New England | 75.9 | 17.3 | 5.3 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 133 |
| Middle Atlantic | 56.8 | 25.9 | 10.7 | 5.3 | 1.2 | 243 |
| South Atlantic | 46.5 | 22.6 | 16.6 | 11.8 | 2.5 | 398 |
| Table 3.5a: Directly observed breastfeeding assessments by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||||
| How many breastfeeding patients receive a directly observed breastfeeding assessment | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 0.4 | 2.1 | 12.1 | 85.4 | 0.1 | 2727 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 97.2 | 0.0 | 142 |
| Government hospital | 0.6 | 4.0 | 17.3 | 78.1 | 0.0 | 525 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.3 | 1.4 | 11.3 | 86.9 | 0.1 | 1699 |
| Private hospital | 0.6 | 2.3 | 12.2 | 84.5 | 0.3 | 343 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 16.7 | 11.1 | 72.2 | 0.0 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0.0 | 4.8 | 11.1 | 83.7 | 0.5 | 208 |
| No | 0.4 | 1.9 | 12.8 | 84.8 | 0.0 | 2377 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 11.6 | 86.8 | 0.0 | 604 |
| 250-499 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 11.0 | 86.5 | 0.0 | 474 |
| 500-999 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 13.8 | 84.3 | 0.0 | 567 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.4 | 2.7 | 12.4 | 84.5 | 0.0 | 563 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.2 | 2.6 | 11.6 | 85.2 | 0.4 | 458 |
| 5000 or more | 0.0 | 4.9 | 13.1 | 82.0 | 0.0 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.3 | 1.4 | 12.4 | 85.9 | 0.0 | 1062 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 0.5 | 2.2 | 12.9 | 84.5 | 0.0 | 1063 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.3 | 3.0 | 10.3 | 86.0 | 0.3 | 602 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0.5 | 1.4 | 7.4 | 90.7 | 0.0 | 367 |
| Mountain | 0.0 | 1.2 | 10.7 | 88.1 | 0.0 | 243 |
| West North Central | 0.0 | 1.9 | 16.2 | 81.9 | 0.0 | 364 |
| East North Central | 0.2 | 1.7 | 11.3 | 86.7 | 0.0 | 460 |
| West South Central | 1.2 | 2.9 | 14.2 | 81.4 | 0.3 | 345 |
| East South Central | 0.6 | 5.8 | 22.0 | 71.7 | 0.0 | 173 |
| New England | 0.8 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 96.2 | 0.0 | 133 |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.4 | 2.0 | 10.7 | 86.9 | 0.0 | 244 |
| South Atlantic | 0.0 | 2.0 | 12.6 | 85.2 | 0.3 | 398 |
| Table 3.6a: Use of a standardized breastfeeding assessment tool by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | |||
| Is breastfeeding assessed using a standardized or adapted assessment tool | |||
| Yes | No | N | |
| All | 67.2 | 32.8 | 2723 |
| Type of facility | |||
| Birth center | 28.2 | 71.8 | 142 |
| Government hospital | 57.6 | 42.4 | 523 |
| Non-profit hospital | 73.0 | 27.0 | 1699 |
| Private hospital | 69.2 | 30.8 | 341 |
| Military hospital | 66.7 | 33.3 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | |||
| Yes | 79.4 | 20.6 | 209 |
| No | 68.4 | 31.6 | 2372 |
| Size of facility | |||
| 1-249 | 44.9 | 55.1 | 603 |
| 250-499 | 62.4 | 37.6 | 474 |
| 500-999 | 70.7 | 29.3 | 564 |
| 1000-1999 | 78.8 | 21.2 | 562 |
| 2000-4999 | 80.6 | 19.4 | 459 |
| 5000 or more | 82.0 | 18.0 | 61 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||
| Healthy newborn only | 54.8 | 45.2 | 1061 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 72.2 | 27.8 | 1061 |
| Level 3 NICU | 80.2 | 19.8 | 601 |
| Census region | |||
| Pacific | 79.5 | 20.5 | 366 |
| Mountain | 74.1 | 25.9 | 243 |
| West North Central | 59.3 | 40.7 | 364 |
| East North Central | 68.7 | 31.3 | 460 |
| West South Central | 59.2 | 40.8 | 346 |
| East South Central | 57.1 | 42.9 | 170 |
| New England | 73.1 | 26.9 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 67.6 | 32.4 | 244 |
| South Atlantic | 65.9 | 34.1 | 396 |
| Table 3.7a: Provision of pacifiers by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2011 | ||||||
| How many breastfed infants are given pacifiers by facility staff | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 36.1 | 28.1 | 26.3 | 8.7 | 0.8 | 2726 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 94.3 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 140 |
| Government hospital | 33.8 | 27.7 | 25.6 | 12.0 | 1.0 | 524 |
| Non-profit hospital | 34.4 | 29.9 | 27.0 | 8.0 | 0.7 | 1699 |
| Private hospital | 24.1 | 30.4 | 34.2 | 9.9 | 1.4 | 345 |
| Military hospital | 38.9 | 38.9 | 22.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 18 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 42.8 | 29.8 | 20.2 | 6.7 | 0.5 | 208 |
| No | 32.0 | 29.6 | 28.3 | 9.2 | 0.9 | 2378 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 48.6 | 22.2 | 20.4 | 8.0 | 0.8 | 603 |
| 250-499 | 28.3 | 28.3 | 30.2 | 12.3 | 0.8 | 473 |
| 500-999 | 28.2 | 30.7 | 30.0 | 10.4 | 0.7 | 567 |
| 1000-1999 | 35.4 | 29.2 | 26.5 | 7.8 | 1.1 | 562 |
| 2000-4999 | 37.5 | 30.8 | 26.2 | 5.0 | 0.4 | 461 |
| 5000 or more | 40.0 | 30.0 | 20.0 | 6.7 | 3.3 | 60 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 41.4 | 25.1 | 23.6 | 8.8 | 1.0 | 1062 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 29.1 | 29.9 | 30.7 | 9.8 | 0.6 | 1063 |
| Level 3 NICU | 38.9 | 30.1 | 23.5 | 6.5 | 1.0 | 601 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 50.8 | 32.2 | 13.1 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 366 |
| Mountain | 37.9 | 21.4 | 30.5 | 9.5 | 0.8 | 243 |
| West North Central | 29.4 | 33.2 | 26.1 | 9.9 | 1.4 | 364 |
| East North Central | 30.7 | 31.8 | 29.2 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 459 |
| West South Central | 30.4 | 23.2 | 34.5 | 11.3 | 0.6 | 345 |
| East South Central | 17.3 | 27.2 | 34.1 | 19.1 | 2.3 | 173 |
| New England | 63.4 | 22.4 | 9.0 | 5.2 | 0.0 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 38.1 | 27.5 | 28.3 | 4.5 | 1.6 | 244 |
| South Atlantic | 36.2 | 26.4 | 27.1 | 9.5 | 0.8 | 398 |