Table 7.1a: Elements of a written hospital policy by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009
	In-service training	Prenatal breastfeeding classes	Asking about mothers' feeding plans	Early initiation of breastfeeding	Teaching lactation maintenance during separation	Exclusive breastfeeding	24 hr/day rooming-in	Breastfeeding on-demand	Pacifier use	Referral of mothers with breastfeeding problems	N
All	50.1	48.9	75.2	83.3	65.2	59.5	63.5	74.9	44.6	67.1	2664
Type of facility
Birth center	44.9	68.6	79.7	86.5	43.2	40.7	51.7	72.9	28.8	74.6	118
Government hospital	49.2	42.9	70.2	77.6	55.0	53.0	62.8	68.5	38.7	57.4	524
Non-profit hospital	51.2	50.3	76.3	84.9	69.9	64.5	65.9	78.0	49.0	70.3	1671
Private hospital	46.5	42.2	75.1	81.3	65.0	50.9	55.0	69.9	37.4	62.3	329
Military hospital	66.7	81.0	90.5	90.0	76.2	61.9	90.5	76.2	52.4	84.2	21
Teaching hospital
Yes	55.4	54.2	81.4	92.1	85.3	71.2	70.1	86.4	58.2	80.4	177
No	49.9	47.6	74.5	82.4	64.8	59.5	63.6	74.2	44.4	65.7	2368
Size of facility
0-249	42.9	42.5	68.5	73.3	44.2	44.2	61.6	65.5	29.8	54.9	591
250-499	46.5	47.6	77.6	82.4	57.7	54.8	59.2	72.1	41.4	60.6	456
500-999	47.7	50.4	74.0	83.3	66.1	61.6	63.2	74.2	41.7	64.2	554
1000-1999	55.3	52.3	79.5	89.7	79.0	68.5	68.2	81.1	56.1	76.5	528
2000-4999	58.0	52.6	77.5	88.3	81.0	69.0	65.6	82.5	54.4	78.8	462
5000 or more	59.7	49.2	79.4	89.1	88.9	76.2	61.9	85.7	65.1	86.9	63
Unknown	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0	10.0	40.0	60.0	60.0	40.0	50.0	10
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	44.4	45.1	72.9	77.6	52.6	51.5	63.0	71.0	37.5	59.4	1086
Level 1 or 2 NICU	51.3	49.4	75.6	85.7	67.9	61.2	63.3	74.4	44.5	67.4	1022
Level 3 NICU	58.8	55.4	78.8	89.0	85.1	72.1	64.9	83.6	58.8	80.9	556
Census region
Pacific	50.7	51.3	82.7	90.9	72.8	65.9	79.9	84.4	49.1	77.9	353
Mountain	39.5	37.2	64.1	74.5	52.5	52.9	64.6	63.7	36.8	54.6	223
West North Central	44.0	46.1	68.8	77.5	55.0	52.8	57.2	74.3	40.3	62.5	362
East North Central	51.6	52.1	73.8	83.4	66.5	62.1	57.9	75.6	46.7	65.8	451
West South Central	54.2	43.7	75.7	77.4	57.8	53.2	54.8	64.0	37.8	58.6	325
East South Central	55.4	46.3	74.9	78.1	62.9	54.6	56.0	67.4	40.6	57.9	175
New England	60.4	64.9	86.6	95.1	77.6	76.1	81.3	85.8	69.4	85.9	134
Middle Atlantic	55.8	58.7	79.8	91.3	78.9	68.2	69.8	86.8	56.6	81.5	242
South Atlantic	46.5	46.4	75.2	82.9	68.2	57.0	61.2	73.9	38.3	65.5	399

Table 7.2a: Modes used to inform staff of breastfeeding policies by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009
	In-service training	Policy is posted	Newsletter	New staff training	New staff orientation	Staff meeting	Word of mouth	N
All	68.8	76.4	13.3	69.1	59.5	72.4	48.5	2664
Type of facility
Birth center	58.5	50.0	2.5	55.9	39.8	55.1	48.3	118
Government hospital	64.1	73.1	9.0	60.5	52.5	68.7	44.8	524
Non-profit hospital	70.7	79.5	16.3	73.4	62.9	74.2	50.4	1671
Private hospital	70.2	75.4	9.4	66.3	60.2	76.3	45.3	329
Military hospital	71.4	81.0	0.0	66.7	61.9	57.1	42.9	21
Teaching hospital
Yes	80.8	87.0	23.2	87.0	76.3	75.7	55.4	177
No	68.5	76.9	13.0	68.5	59.2	73.0	48.0	2368
Size of facility
0-249	56.3	63.8	4.2	56.3	45.2	61.9	45.2	591
250-499	62.3	72.6	6.1	64.5	53.5	71.1	45.2	456
500-999	67.1	77.6	11.4	68.1	57.6	73.3	48.2	554
1000-1999	77.1	85.0	19.3	74.6	67.4	79.4	52.3	528
2000-4999	82.5	84.2	24.9	82.9	74.5	77.9	50.4	462
5000 or more	82.5	87.3	30.2	87.3	79.4	77.8	58.7	63
Unknown	40.0	50.0	10.0	50.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	10
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	59.9	68.6	7.2	61.5	50.0	66.0	43.6	1086
Level 1 or 2 NICU	70.5	79.3	13.9	69.2	61.1	75.0	50.6	1022
Level 3 NICU	83.1	86.5	23.9	83.8	75.0	80.0	54.3	556
Census region
Pacific	73.1	81.0	16.7	71.4	63.7	75.1	50.4	353
Mountain	65.0	74.9	13.9	62.8	51.1	71.7	49.3	223
West North Central	62.7	68.0	14.4	64.9	54.7	69.1	49.2	362
East North Central	66.1	79.2	16.6	68.7	57.2	72.7	49.9	451
West South Central	69.8	70.5	7.7	63.7	57.8	69.5	48.0	325
East South Central	69.1	75.4	8.6	69.7	58.9	70.9	48.6	175
New England	76.1	85.8	18.7	82.1	69.4	83.6	50.7	134
Middle Atlantic	74.8	85.1	12.8	78.9	69.0	74.4	49.2	242
South Atlantic	68.7	74.7	10.0	68.7	59.6	71.2	43.4	399

Table 7.3a: Documentation of breastfeeding practices by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009
	Does the facility document rates of breastfeeding among patients
	No/not sure	Only intention at admission	Yes, rates are assessed	N
All	20.0	13.1	66.9	2640
Type of facility
Birth center	2.6	3.4	94.0	117
Government hospital	23.8	13.8	62.4	521
Non-profit hospital	17.3	13.7	68.9	1655
Private hospital	33.2	12.3	54.5	325
Military hospital	28.6	9.5	61.9	21
Teaching hospital
Yes	12.1	10.3	77.6	174
No	21.5	13.8	64.8	2348
Size of facility
0-249	24.5	10.4	65.1	588
250-499	26.3	11.7	62.0	453
500-999	20.9	14.7	64.5	546
1000-1999	13.4	16.5	70.1	521
2000-4999	16.3	12.8	70.9	461
5000 or more	9.7	9.7	80.6	62
Unknown	0.0	0.0	100.0	9
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	23.1	12.4	64.5	1078
Level 1 or 2 NICU	20.0	14.4	65.6	1011
Level 3 NICU	14.0	11.8	74.2	551
Census region
Pacific	22.0	8.9	69.1	350
Mountain	22.6	16.3	61.1	221
West North Central	27.1	14.4	58.4	361
East North Central	13.1	13.3	73.6	444
West South Central	28.9	12.1	59.0	322
East South Central	23.1	16.2	60.7	173
New England	3.0	9.1	87.9	132
Middle Atlantic	9.1	12.4	78.4	241
South Atlantic	21.7	14.6	63.6	396

Table 7.4a: Supports offered to breastfeeding staff members by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009
	Designated room to express milk	On-site child care	Electric breast pump provided	Permission to use breaks to express milk	Breastfeeding support group	Lactation consultant available	Paid maternity leave	N
All	72.4	13.0	78.3	94.7	19.4	69.9	32.1	2664
Type of facility
Birth center	51.7	10.2	33.9	77.1	28.0	64.4	20.3	118
Government hospital	62.4	6.9	68.1	93.7	14.1	58.8	26.5	524
Non-profit hospital	77.8	16.6	83.8	96.3	21.8	75.5	35.2	1671
Private hospital	67.8	5.5	81.5	93.9	12.2	60.8	26.1	329
Military hospital	76.2	14.3	90.5	100.0	23.8	71.4	85.7	21
Teaching hospital
Yes	87.0	24.9	89.3	97.2	24.9	87.0	28.2	177
No	72.3	12.2	79.7	95.4	18.6	68.8	33.0	2368
Size of facility
0-249	53.0	5.4	50.6	89.8	13.2	49.2	28.9	591
250-499	68.2	4.4	78.1	95.0	14.5	57.9	30.0	456
500-999	76.4	10.8	87.2	95.7	21.3	72.7	31.0	554
1000-1999	81.4	19.1	90.0	97.5	22.9	84.8	34.1	528
2000-4999	85.5	24.7	89.8	96.5	24.9	84.8	35.9	462
5000 or more	84.1	27.0	90.5	96.8	23.8	88.9	47.6	63
Unknown	30.0	20.0	10.0	70.0	40.0	70.0	0.0	10
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	60.5	5.2	63.5	92.0	14.0	55.2	30.6	1086
Level 1 or 2 NICU	77.7	14.8	87.4	96.1	22.9	75.4	32.3	1022
Level 3 NICU	85.8	25.0	90.5	97.5	23.6	88.3	34.9	556
Census region
Pacific	72.5	10.8	76.8	91.8	19.8	66.6	46.2	353
Mountain	65.9	14.3	74.4	93.3	14.8	68.2	30.5	223
West North Central	69.1	10.2	67.4	97.5	16.3	62.7	32.3	362
East North Central	80.7	15.3	87.8	95.6	21.7	79.4	36.1	451
West South Central	63.7	6.5	68.3	92.6	11.7	54.8	20.3	325
East South Central	61.7	12.0	76.0	93.7	14.9	62.3	26.9	175
New England	85.8	17.9	90.3	97.8	40.3	83.6	26.9	134
Middle Atlantic	80.2	18.2	86.4	97.9	26.9	81.8	38.8	242
South Atlantic	71.9	15.0	81.2	93.7	18.5	73.2	25.6	399

Table 7.5a: Facility's receipt of free formula by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009
	Does the facility receive infant formula free of charge
	Yes	No	Not sure	N
All	87.2	10.6	2.3	2648
Type of facility
Birth center	19.5	78.0	2.5	118
Government hospital	89.0	6.8	4.2	518
Non-profit hospital	90.0	8.4	1.6	1663
Private hospital	96.3	2.1	1.5	327
Military hospital	52.4	33.3	14.3	21
Teaching hospital
Yes	86.4	10.7	2.8	177
No	90.6	7.2	2.2	2352
Size of facility
0-249	76.5	19.3	4.3	586
250-499	92.7	5.1	2.2	455
500-999	92.9	5.1	2.0	550
1000-1999	90.3	8.6	1.1	525
2000-4999	85.8	12.4	1.7	459
5000 or more	88.9	11.1	0.0	63
Unknown	30.0	70.0	0.0	10
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	83.2	13.6	3.2	1078
Level 1 or 2 NICU	91.0	7.1	1.9	1016
Level 3 NICU	87.7	11.0	1.3	554
Census region
Pacific	69.8	27.4	2.8	351
Mountain	86.9	10.0	3.2	221
West North Central	92.5	3.6	3.9	361
East North Central	91.5	6.9	1.6	448
West South Central	87.2	9.7	3.1	321
East South Central	92.5	6.3	1.1	174
New England	79.1	20.1	0.7	134
Middle Atlantic	92.6	5.4	2.1	242
South Atlantic	89.9	9.1	1.0	396

Table 7.6a: Inclusion of breastfeeding in prenatal patient education by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009
	Does the facility include breastfeeding as component of prenatal education
	No/not sure	Yes	N
All	7.2	92.8	2616
Type of facility
Birth center	12.1	87.9	116
Government hospital	15.4	84.6	514
Non-profit hospital	4.0	96.0	1643
Private hospital	8.7	91.3	321
Military hospital	4.8	95.2	21
Teaching hospital
Yes	2.3	97.7	172
No	7.3	92.7	2327
Size of facility
0-249	16.5	83.5	582
250-499	9.4	90.6	446
500-999	4.6	95.4	541
1000-1999	2.5	97.5	522
2000-4999	2.6	97.4	455
5000 or more	0.0	100.0	61
Unknown	0.0	100.0	9
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	12.7	87.3	1065
Level 1 or 2 NICU	3.9	96.1	1003
Level 3 NICU	2.6	97.4	548
Census region
Pacific	9.8	90.2	347
Mountain	8.3	91.7	218
West North Central	6.2	93.8	356
East North Central	2.0	98.0	443
West South Central	18.1	81.9	315
East South Central	8.7	91.3	173
New England	3.0	97.0	133
Middle Atlantic	2.5	97.5	236
South Atlantic	5.8	94.2	395

Table 7.7a: Existence of a designated lactation coordinator by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009
	Does the facility have a designated lactation coordinator
	Yes	No	N
All	72.3	27.7	2652
Type of facility
Birth center	47.5	52.5	118
Government hospital	64.6	35.4	522
Non-profit hospital	77.7	22.3	1664
Private hospital	65.4	34.6	327
Military hospital	80.0	20.0	20
Teaching hospital
Yes	92.7	7.3	177
No	72.0	28.0	2356
Size of facility
0-249	50.5	49.5	588
250-499	58.2	41.8	455
500-999	73.1	26.9	551
1000-1999	88.0	12.0	523
2000-4999	92.6	7.4	462
5000 or more	92.1	7.9	63
Unknown	60.0	40.0	10
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	56.3	43.7	1081
Level 1 or 2 NICU	78.1	21.9	1016
Level 3 NICU	92.6	7.4	555
Census region
Pacific	71.3	28.7	349
Mountain	73.9	26.1	222
West North Central	64.6	35.4	362
East North Central	83.5	16.5	448
West South Central	57.9	42.1	323
East South Central	63.4	36.6	175
New England	85.8	14.2	134
Middle Atlantic	81.3	18.7	241
South Atlantic	72.1	27.9	398