Table 3.1a: Documentation of infant feeding decisions by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
|
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 |
|
How often infant feeding decisions are documented in medical records |
|
Rarely |
Sometimes |
Often |
Almost always |
Not sure |
N |
All |
0.2 |
0.4 |
1.6 |
97.7 |
0.1 |
2658 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.0 |
97.4 |
0.9 |
117 |
Government hospital |
0.2 |
0.6 |
3.4 |
95.8 |
0.0 |
523 |
Non-profit hospital |
0.2 |
0.2 |
1.2 |
98.3 |
0.1 |
1667 |
Private hospital |
0.0 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
98.2 |
0.0 |
329 |
Military hospital |
0.0 |
0.0 |
4.8 |
95.2 |
0.0 |
21 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
0.6 |
0.0 |
1.1 |
98.3 |
0.0 |
176 |
No |
0.1 |
0.4 |
1.7 |
97.7 |
0.1 |
2364 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
1.7 |
96.9 |
0.2 |
589 |
250-499 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
1.5 |
98.2 |
0.0 |
455 |
500-999 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1.6 |
98.4 |
0.0 |
553 |
1000-1999 |
0.0 |
0.8 |
1.7 |
97.3 |
0.2 |
526 |
2000-4999 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
1.3 |
97.8 |
0.2 |
462 |
5000 or more |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1.6 |
98.4 |
0.0 |
63 |
Unknown |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
10 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
0.4 |
0.6 |
1.6 |
97.4 |
0.1 |
1082 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
0.0 |
0.3 |
1.5 |
98.1 |
0.1 |
1021 |
Level 3 NICU |
0.2 |
0.2 |
1.8 |
97.7 |
0.2 |
555 |
Census region |
Pacific |
0.0 |
0.8 |
3.4 |
95.5 |
0.3 |
353 |
Mountain |
0.5 |
0.9 |
4.1 |
94.6 |
0.0 |
221 |
West North Central |
0.6 |
0.6 |
1.4 |
97.5 |
0.0 |
362 |
East North Central |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
99.6 |
0.0 |
451 |
West South Central |
0.3 |
0.6 |
1.9 |
96.9 |
0.3 |
323 |
East South Central |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.6 |
99.4 |
0.0 |
175 |
New England |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
134 |
Middle Atlantic |
0.4 |
0.0 |
1.2 |
97.9 |
0.4 |
241 |
South Atlantic |
0.0 |
0.3 |
1.0 |
98.7 |
0.0 |
398 |
Table 3.2a: Provision of advice & instructions for breastfeeding patients by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 |
|
How many breastfeeding patients are provided advice & instructions about breastfeeding |
|
Few |
Some |
Many |
Most |
Not sure |
N |
All |
0.2 |
1.1 |
9.5 |
89.1 |
0.1 |
2654 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
0.0 |
0.8 |
5.1 |
94.1 |
0.0 |
118 |
Government hospital |
0.0 |
2.1 |
13.7 |
84.2 |
0.0 |
519 |
Non-profit hospital |
0.2 |
0.6 |
8.6 |
90.6 |
0.1 |
1666 |
Private hospital |
0.3 |
1.5 |
9.4 |
88.4 |
0.3 |
329 |
Military hospital |
0.0 |
9.5 |
9.5 |
81.0 |
0.0 |
21 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
0.0 |
0.0 |
6.2 |
93.8 |
0.0 |
177 |
No |
0.2 |
1.2 |
10.0 |
88.5 |
0.1 |
2358 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
0.3 |
1.9 |
12.3 |
85.5 |
0.0 |
587 |
250-499 |
0.0 |
0.9 |
9.5 |
89.4 |
0.2 |
452 |
500-999 |
0.0 |
0.7 |
10.3 |
88.8 |
0.2 |
554 |
1000-1999 |
0.2 |
0.8 |
7.6 |
91.4 |
0.0 |
526 |
2000-4999 |
0.2 |
1.3 |
7.6 |
90.9 |
0.0 |
462 |
5000 or more |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.5 |
90.5 |
0.0 |
63 |
Unknown |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
10 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
0.2 |
1.6 |
10.7 |
87.5 |
0.0 |
1081 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
0.0 |
0.6 |
9.5 |
89.7 |
0.2 |
1018 |
Level 3 NICU |
0.4 |
1.1 |
7.2 |
91.4 |
0.0 |
555 |
Census region |
Pacific |
0.0 |
1.1 |
9.1 |
89.8 |
0.0 |
352 |
Mountain |
0.0 |
1.8 |
14.9 |
83.3 |
0.0 |
222 |
West North Central |
0.0 |
1.4 |
10.9 |
87.7 |
0.0 |
358 |
East North Central |
0.0 |
0.7 |
7.6 |
91.5 |
0.2 |
448 |
West South Central |
0.3 |
2.8 |
11.4 |
85.5 |
0.0 |
325 |
East South Central |
0.0 |
0.6 |
10.3 |
89.1 |
0.0 |
175 |
New England |
0.0 |
0.0 |
4.5 |
95.5 |
0.0 |
134 |
Middle Atlantic |
0.8 |
0.0 |
7.0 |
92.1 |
0.0 |
242 |
South Atlantic |
0.3 |
0.8 |
9.3 |
89.4 |
0.3 |
398 |
Table 3.3a: Education on infant cues to feed by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 |
|
How many patients are taught to recognize & respond to infant cues rather than feeding on a set schedule |
|
Few |
Some |
Many |
Most |
Not sure |
N |
All |
0.2 |
2.2 |
15.4 |
81.9 |
0.3 |
2651 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
0.0 |
0.8 |
8.5 |
90.7 |
0.0 |
118 |
Government hospital |
0.4 |
4.4 |
20.6 |
73.8 |
0.8 |
519 |
Non-profit hospital |
0.1 |
1.2 |
14.7 |
83.8 |
0.2 |
1664 |
Private hospital |
0.3 |
3.7 |
13.1 |
82.3 |
0.6 |
328 |
Military hospital |
0.0 |
4.8 |
19.0 |
76.2 |
0.0 |
21 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
0.0 |
1.7 |
13.6 |
84.2 |
0.6 |
177 |
No |
0.2 |
2.3 |
15.9 |
81.3 |
0.3 |
2355 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
0.5 |
3.6 |
17.7 |
77.7 |
0.5 |
588 |
250-499 |
0.0 |
1.5 |
14.8 |
83.2 |
0.4 |
452 |
500-999 |
0.0 |
2.7 |
17.2 |
79.7 |
0.4 |
553 |
1000-1999 |
0.2 |
1.1 |
12.0 |
86.5 |
0.2 |
525 |
2000-4999 |
0.2 |
1.5 |
14.8 |
83.3 |
0.2 |
460 |
5000 or more |
0.0 |
1.6 |
15.9 |
82.5 |
0.0 |
63 |
Unknown |
0.0 |
0.0 |
20.0 |
80.0 |
0.0 |
10 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
0.3 |
2.8 |
16.9 |
79.5 |
0.6 |
1081 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
0.1 |
2.1 |
14.3 |
83.4 |
0.2 |
1017 |
Level 3 NICU |
0.2 |
1.1 |
14.6 |
83.9 |
0.2 |
553 |
Census region |
Pacific |
0.3 |
2.6 |
15.3 |
81.8 |
0.0 |
352 |
Mountain |
0.5 |
3.2 |
18.6 |
77.8 |
0.0 |
221 |
West North Central |
0.0 |
1.9 |
20.6 |
77.2 |
0.3 |
359 |
East North Central |
0.0 |
1.1 |
13.4 |
85.3 |
0.2 |
448 |
West South Central |
0.6 |
3.4 |
17.6 |
77.8 |
0.6 |
324 |
East South Central |
0.0 |
5.2 |
14.9 |
78.2 |
1.7 |
174 |
New England |
0.0 |
0.7 |
4.5 |
94.8 |
0.0 |
134 |
Middle Atlantic |
0.4 |
0.8 |
13.2 |
85.5 |
0.0 |
242 |
South Atlantic |
0.0 |
1.5 |
14.9 |
83.1 |
0.5 |
397 |
Table 3.4a: Education on limitation to time suckling by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 |
|
How often are breastfeeding patients instructed to limit suckling at the breast to a specific length of time |
|
Rarely |
Sometimes |
Often |
Almost always |
Not sure |
N |
All |
42.5 |
25.1 |
15.8 |
14.9 |
1.7 |
2645 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
72.0 |
13.6 |
2.5 |
11.0 |
0.8 |
118 |
Government hospital |
33.2 |
27.2 |
20.1 |
18.1 |
1.4 |
518 |
Non-profit hospital |
45.7 |
25.4 |
14.4 |
12.5 |
2.0 |
1660 |
Private hospital |
31.2 |
24.2 |
20.5 |
23.5 |
0.6 |
327 |
Military hospital |
28.6 |
38.1 |
23.8 |
4.8 |
4.8 |
21 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
50.3 |
27.7 |
11.9 |
8.5 |
1.7 |
177 |
No |
40.4 |
25.5 |
16.8 |
15.5 |
1.7 |
2349 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
37.6 |
24.4 |
14.7 |
21.7 |
1.5 |
585 |
250-499 |
41.2 |
24.6 |
18.6 |
13.7 |
1.8 |
451 |
500-999 |
42.0 |
26.1 |
14.3 |
16.1 |
1.4 |
552 |
1000-1999 |
47.0 |
23.4 |
17.9 |
10.3 |
1.3 |
525 |
2000-4999 |
43.8 |
27.0 |
14.4 |
12.2 |
2.6 |
459 |
5000 or more |
49.2 |
28.6 |
14.3 |
6.3 |
1.6 |
63 |
Unknown |
70.0 |
20.0 |
0.0 |
10.0 |
0.0 |
10 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
40.5 |
23.8 |
15.5 |
18.1 |
2.0 |
1078 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
41.8 |
26.3 |
17.2 |
13.4 |
1.3 |
1015 |
Level 3 NICU |
47.6 |
25.5 |
13.8 |
11.2 |
1.8 |
552 |
Census region |
Pacific |
55.4 |
20.7 |
13.4 |
8.8 |
1.7 |
352 |
Mountain |
33.6 |
25.9 |
20.0 |
16.8 |
3.6 |
220 |
West North Central |
33.1 |
33.1 |
15.4 |
16.0 |
2.5 |
357 |
East North Central |
49.2 |
26.6 |
11.2 |
11.9 |
1.1 |
447 |
West South Central |
29.9 |
25.6 |
21.0 |
22.8 |
0.6 |
324 |
East South Central |
32.9 |
20.8 |
17.9 |
26.6 |
1.7 |
173 |
New England |
65.4 |
19.5 |
9.0 |
5.3 |
0.8 |
133 |
Middle Atlantic |
47.5 |
24.4 |
16.9 |
10.3 |
0.8 |
242 |
South Atlantic |
40.6 |
23.7 |
17.6 |
15.9 |
2.3 |
397 |
Table 3.5a: Directly observed breastfeeding assessments by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 |
|
How many breastfeeding patients receive a directly observed breastfeeding assessment |
|
Few |
Some |
Many |
Most |
Not sure |
N |
All |
0.3 |
2.6 |
14.4 |
82.7 |
0.1 |
2654 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1.7 |
98.3 |
0.0 |
118 |
Government hospital |
0.8 |
3.5 |
20.5 |
74.9 |
0.4 |
521 |
Non-profit hospital |
0.1 |
2.2 |
13.3 |
84.4 |
0.0 |
1664 |
Private hospital |
0.3 |
3.6 |
14.3 |
81.8 |
0.0 |
329 |
Military hospital |
0.0 |
9.5 |
14.3 |
76.2 |
0.0 |
21 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
0.0 |
4.5 |
16.4 |
78.0 |
1.1 |
177 |
No |
0.3 |
2.5 |
14.8 |
82.3 |
0.0 |
2358 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
0.7 |
2.0 |
14.3 |
83.0 |
0.0 |
589 |
250-499 |
0.2 |
2.0 |
14.5 |
83.3 |
0.0 |
455 |
500-999 |
0.2 |
3.1 |
16.3 |
80.3 |
0.2 |
552 |
1000-1999 |
0.0 |
2.7 |
11.2 |
86.1 |
0.0 |
527 |
2000-4999 |
0.2 |
2.6 |
15.1 |
81.9 |
0.2 |
458 |
5000 or more |
0.0 |
6.3 |
19.0 |
74.6 |
0.0 |
63 |
Unknown |
0.0 |
0.0 |
10.0 |
90.0 |
0.0 |
10 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
0.5 |
2.5 |
14.1 |
82.9 |
0.0 |
1083 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
0.1 |
2.0 |
13.9 |
84.0 |
0.0 |
1019 |
Level 3 NICU |
0.2 |
3.8 |
15.6 |
80.1 |
0.4 |
552 |
Census region |
Pacific |
0.0 |
1.1 |
9.7 |
89.2 |
0.0 |
351 |
Mountain |
1.4 |
1.8 |
14.1 |
82.7 |
0.0 |
220 |
West North Central |
0.0 |
2.2 |
15.5 |
82.3 |
0.0 |
361 |
East North Central |
0.0 |
2.5 |
13.8 |
83.7 |
0.0 |
448 |
West South Central |
0.6 |
4.9 |
20.9 |
73.2 |
0.3 |
325 |
East South Central |
0.6 |
1.7 |
18.9 |
78.3 |
0.6 |
175 |
New England |
0.0 |
0.7 |
6.7 |
92.5 |
0.0 |
134 |
Middle Atlantic |
0.0 |
2.5 |
15.7 |
81.8 |
0.0 |
242 |
South Atlantic |
0.3 |
3.8 |
12.6 |
83.4 |
0.0 |
398 |
Table 3.6a: Use of a standardized breastfeeding assessment tool by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
|
Is breastfeeding assessed using a standardized or adapted assessment tool |
|
Yes |
No |
N |
All |
60.3 |
39.7 |
2634 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
25.2 |
74.8 |
115 |
Government hospital |
49.2 |
50.8 |
518 |
Non-profit hospital |
66.6 |
33.4 |
1652 |
Private hospital |
58.7 |
41.3 |
327 |
Military hospital |
52.4 |
47.6 |
21 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
69.1 |
30.9 |
175 |
No |
61.4 |
38.6 |
2343 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
39.6 |
60.4 |
586 |
250-499 |
54.8 |
45.2 |
451 |
500-999 |
61.2 |
38.8 |
546 |
1000-1999 |
70.1 |
29.9 |
521 |
2000-4999 |
77.9 |
22.1 |
457 |
5000 or more |
76.2 |
23.8 |
63 |
Unknown |
60.0 |
40.0 |
10 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
48.2 |
51.8 |
1074 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
66.6 |
33.4 |
1009 |
Level 3 NICU |
72.2 |
27.8 |
551 |
Census region |
Pacific |
75.9 |
24.1 |
348 |
Mountain |
67.3 |
32.7 |
220 |
West North Central |
56.4 |
43.6 |
360 |
East North Central |
64.5 |
35.5 |
445 |
West South Central |
47.5 |
52.5 |
324 |
East South Central |
45.0 |
55.0 |
171 |
New England |
68.4 |
31.6 |
133 |
Middle Atlantic |
63.6 |
36.4 |
239 |
South Atlantic |
53.8 |
46.2 |
394 |
Table 3.7a: Provision of pacifiers by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 |
|
How many breastfed infants are given pacifiers by facility staff |
|
Few |
Some |
Many |
Most |
Not sure |
N |
All |
30.2 |
28.5 |
29.3 |
11.0 |
1.1 |
2640 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
93.2 |
2.5 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
0.8 |
118 |
Government hospital |
26.6 |
28.2 |
32.0 |
12.5 |
0.6 |
518 |
Non-profit hospital |
28.9 |
30.0 |
29.7 |
10.3 |
1.1 |
1656 |
Private hospital |
18.1 |
31.0 |
33.4 |
15.6 |
1.8 |
326 |
Military hospital |
47.6 |
23.8 |
23.8 |
4.8 |
0.0 |
21 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
39.2 |
29.5 |
23.3 |
8.0 |
0.0 |
176 |
No |
26.3 |
29.7 |
31.2 |
11.7 |
1.2 |
2345 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
39.9 |
28.3 |
20.5 |
9.7 |
1.5 |
586 |
250-499 |
23.5 |
30.8 |
33.5 |
10.9 |
1.3 |
451 |
500-999 |
25.0 |
23.5 |
36.8 |
13.8 |
0.9 |
549 |
1000-1999 |
26.7 |
30.3 |
29.0 |
13.2 |
0.8 |
524 |
2000-4999 |
31.7 |
29.5 |
30.9 |
7.2 |
0.7 |
457 |
5000 or more |
41.3 |
38.1 |
11.1 |
7.9 |
1.6 |
63 |
Unknown |
80.0 |
0.0 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
0.0 |
10 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Healthy newborn only |
35.4 |
27.1 |
26.0 |
10.0 |
1.4 |
1076 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
22.9 |
28.7 |
34.7 |
12.8 |
0.9 |
1014 |
Level 3 NICU |
33.3 |
30.7 |
25.8 |
9.5 |
0.7 |
550 |
Census region |
Pacific |
47.3 |
28.6 |
18.7 |
4.5 |
0.8 |
353 |
Mountain |
26.5 |
28.3 |
32.9 |
11.0 |
1.4 |
219 |
West North Central |
18.5 |
36.4 |
32.5 |
10.4 |
2.2 |
357 |
East North Central |
23.8 |
32.7 |
32.1 |
10.8 |
0.7 |
446 |
West South Central |
27.6 |
24.2 |
28.0 |
19.6 |
0.6 |
322 |
East South Central |
18.4 |
20.7 |
40.8 |
19.5 |
0.6 |
174 |
New England |
52.3 |
25.8 |
18.2 |
3.0 |
0.8 |
132 |
Middle Atlantic |
35.8 |
29.6 |
26.3 |
7.5 |
0.8 |
240 |
South Atlantic |
31.0 |
23.7 |
32.5 |
11.6 |
1.3 |
397 |