table 4.1a: Separation of mother & infant during postpartum transitionby facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
|
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 |
|
How many minutes are mothers & infants separatedfollowing vaginal birth in transition to recovery room |
No separation |
<30 minutes |
31-60 minutes |
61-90 minutes |
>90 minutes |
N |
All |
49.9 |
9.6 |
18.4 |
7.0 |
15.1 |
2609 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
93.3 |
5.0 |
1.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
119 |
Government hospital |
41.1 |
14.1 |
21.1 |
7.4 |
16.3 |
516 |
Non-profit hospital |
51.6 |
9.4 |
18.7 |
6.8 |
13.5 |
1649 |
Private hospital |
35.1 |
5.0 |
20.4 |
10.0 |
29.4 |
299 |
Military hospital |
88.5 |
3.8 |
0.0 |
7.7 |
0.0 |
26 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
56.6 |
20.0 |
15.9 |
2.4 |
5.0 |
615 |
250-499 |
52.2 |
12.0 |
19.9 |
7.2 |
8.8 |
433 |
500-999 |
49.9 |
6.7 |
21.0 |
8.2 |
14.2 |
537 |
1000-1999 |
45.0 |
4.3 |
17.2 |
10.3 |
23.3 |
536 |
2000-4999 |
45.8 |
3.4 |
19.9 |
7.2 |
23.7 |
417 |
5000 or more |
39.4 |
2.8 |
12.7 |
9.9 |
35.2 |
71 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
43.1 |
5.7 |
12.1 |
9.8 |
29.3 |
174 |
No |
48.2 |
10.1 |
19.8 |
7.1 |
14.8 |
2316 |
Birth center |
93.3 |
5.0 |
1.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
119 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Unknown |
60.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
10.0 |
30.0 |
10 |
Healthy newborn only |
53.9 |
15.5 |
17.0 |
5.4 |
8.1 |
1083 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
49.5 |
6.6 |
19.3 |
7.0 |
17.7 |
1049 |
Level 3 NICU |
41.3 |
2.8 |
20.3 |
10.5 |
25.1 |
467 |
Census region |
Pacific |
75.0 |
7.5 |
7.8 |
3.7 |
6.0 |
348 |
Mountain |
51.0 |
13.9 |
23.1 |
4.8 |
7.2 |
208 |
West North Central |
49.6 |
24.1 |
20.4 |
2.5 |
3.4 |
357 |
East North Central |
59.1 |
9.6 |
18.4 |
4.7 |
8.2 |
450 |
West South Central |
32.5 |
4.6 |
18.7 |
9.2 |
35.1 |
305 |
East South Central |
23.2 |
4.9 |
22.7 |
15.1 |
34.1 |
185 |
New England |
70.4 |
5.6 |
14.4 |
7.2 |
2.4 |
125 |
Middle Atlantic |
35.9 |
8.6 |
27.8 |
8.6 |
19.2 |
245 |
South Atlantic |
45.1 |
3.9 |
16.8 |
11.1 |
23.1 |
386 |
table 4.2a: Separation of mother & infant at night by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 |
|
How many hours are breastfeeding mother-infantpairs separated at night |
No separation |
1-2 hours |
3-5 hours |
5-7 hours |
8 or more hours |
N |
All |
67.3 |
12.0 |
9.4 |
9.5 |
1.8 |
2583 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
98.3 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
119 |
Government hospital |
62.6 |
16.6 |
8.6 |
10.5 |
1.8 |
513 |
Non-profit hospital |
67.4 |
10.8 |
10.5 |
9.9 |
1.4 |
1635 |
Private hospital |
61.0 |
14.8 |
9.3 |
10.0 |
4.8 |
290 |
Military hospital |
84.6 |
15.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
26 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
70.8 |
10.4 |
8.4 |
9.9 |
0.5 |
607 |
250-499 |
61.0 |
15.0 |
11.5 |
10.6 |
1.8 |
433 |
500-999 |
64.4 |
12.2 |
12.2 |
9.3 |
1.9 |
525 |
1000-1999 |
65.9 |
13.1 |
8.8 |
9.9 |
2.3 |
525 |
2000-4999 |
73.7 |
10.4 |
6.4 |
7.8 |
1.7 |
422 |
5000 or more |
70.4 |
7.0 |
5.6 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
71 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
74.9 |
10.3 |
4.6 |
7.4 |
2.9 |
175 |
No |
65.1 |
12.7 |
10.2 |
10.1 |
1.8 |
2289 |
Birth center |
98.3 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
119 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Unknown |
60.0 |
10.0 |
30.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
10 |
Healthy newborn only |
68.5 |
11.2 |
8.7 |
10.3 |
1.3 |
1073 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
64.7 |
13.6 |
10.2 |
9.3 |
2.1 |
1038 |
Level 3 NICU |
70.6 |
10.4 |
8.7 |
8.2 |
2.2 |
462 |
Census region |
Pacific |
87.9 |
9.8 |
1.1 |
0.3 |
0.9 |
348 |
Mountain |
73.7 |
10.7 |
8.3 |
6.3 |
1.0 |
205 |
West North Central |
61.1 |
12.3 |
12.3 |
13.2 |
1.1 |
357 |
East North Central |
67.0 |
9.0 |
11.1 |
11.5 |
1.4 |
442 |
West South Central |
61.9 |
17.4 |
8.0 |
10.4 |
2.3 |
299 |
East South Central |
50.0 |
16.5 |
14.8 |
16.5 |
2.2 |
182 |
New England |
74.8 |
11.4 |
9.8 |
3.3 |
0.8 |
123 |
Middle Atlantic |
57.3 |
10.8 |
12.0 |
16.2 |
3.7 |
241 |
South Atlantic |
67.9 |
12.4 |
9.3 |
7.8 |
2.6 |
386 |
table 4.3a: Rooming in at least 23 hours a day by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 |
|
What percent of healthy full-term infants room with their mothers at least 23 hours a day |
<10% |
10-49% |
50-89% |
90% or more |
N |
All |
44.9 |
17.3 |
7.0 |
30.8 |
2658 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
5.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
94.2 |
121 |
Government hospital |
44.3 |
14.6 |
6.3 |
34.8 |
526 |
Non-profit hospital |
47.3 |
19.4 |
8.0 |
25.3 |
1679 |
Private hospital |
49.5 |
18.7 |
6.2 |
25.6 |
305 |
Military hospital |
25.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
74.1 |
27 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
37.8 |
12.8 |
5.8 |
43.6 |
624 |
250-499 |
47.5 |
16.7 |
6.4 |
29.5 |
438 |
500-999 |
44.9 |
17.8 |
9.2 |
28.1 |
544 |
1000-1999 |
49.4 |
19.5 |
7.5 |
23.5 |
544 |
2000-4999 |
46.1 |
21.0 |
5.9 |
26.9 |
438 |
5000 or more |
48.6 |
17.1 |
7.1 |
27.1 |
70 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
50.3 |
18.1 |
11.3 |
20.3 |
177 |
No |
46.5 |
18.1 |
7.0 |
28.3 |
2360 |
Birth center |
5.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
94.2 |
121 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Unknown |
89.7 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
29 |
Healthy newborn only |
39.8 |
15.2 |
6.5 |
38.5 |
1098 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
47.5 |
18.0 |
7.3 |
27.2 |
1059 |
Level 3 NICU |
48.1 |
21.4 |
7.8 |
22.7 |
472 |
Census region |
Pacific |
15.9 |
9.7 |
7.7 |
66.8 |
352 |
Mountain |
29.5 |
16.7 |
5.2 |
48.6 |
210 |
West North Central |
54.0 |
20.4 |
7.7 |
17.9 |
363 |
East North Central |
49.2 |
23.4 |
9.0 |
18.4 |
457 |
West South Central |
47.9 |
14.2 |
3.9 |
34.0 |
309 |
East South Central |
67.7 |
12.2 |
4.2 |
15.9 |
189 |
New England |
37.8 |
19.7 |
16.5 |
26.0 |
127 |
Middle Atlantic |
59.5 |
18.7 |
5.6 |
16.3 |
252 |
South Atlantic |
45.1 |
17.8 |
6.0 |
31.1 |
399 |
table 4.4a: Reasons for removing healthy full-term breastfed infants from mother's room by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 |
|
Pediatric rounds |
Change of shift |
Visiting hours |
Hearing test |
Heel stick |
Infant photos |
Infant's bath |
Mother bathing |
Mother out ofroom |
N |
All |
60.3 |
18.1 |
3.4 |
85.8 |
86.6 |
60.4 |
66.4 |
65.5 |
87.4 |
2690 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
2.8 |
0.9 |
1.9 |
6.5 |
8.3 |
4.7 |
7.3 |
5.6 |
6.7 |
122 |
Government hospital |
57.7 |
20.8 |
3.4 |
90.6 |
90.0 |
68.0 |
77.3 |
75.3 |
92.9 |
532 |
Non-profit hospital |
62.3 |
16.4 |
3.1 |
89.6 |
89.7 |
62.5 |
65.4 |
66.5 |
90.6 |
1698 |
Private hospital |
75.5 |
29.4 |
5.6 |
87.3 |
92.3 |
58.6 |
78.2 |
68.1 |
91.4 |
311 |
Military hospital |
56.0 |
8.3 |
0.0 |
57.7 |
80.8 |
32.0 |
24.0 |
21.7 |
56.0 |
27 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
37.4 |
7.4 |
4.1 |
77.8 |
78.2 |
61.5 |
67.0 |
65.1 |
78.7 |
630 |
250-499 |
68.7 |
22.3 |
4.7 |
95.0 |
96.4 |
85.3 |
74.1 |
74.2 |
94.1 |
448 |
500-999 |
70.1 |
26.6 |
3.3 |
94.0 |
92.9 |
81.8 |
70.3 |
65.6 |
92.5 |
548 |
1000-1999 |
67.6 |
20.1 |
2.1 |
85.6 |
85.3 |
49.8 |
63.1 |
64.5 |
88.1 |
553 |
2000-4999 |
61.4 |
16.7 |
2.7 |
79.4 |
84.4 |
24.6 |
57.8 |
61.0 |
86.3 |
440 |
5000 or more |
64.8 |
10.0 |
2.9 |
72.9 |
70.4 |
24.6 |
58.0 |
47.8 |
82.6 |
71 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
69.9 |
15.6 |
4.7 |
83.4 |
85.7 |
32.5 |
56.0 |
63.2 |
90.3 |
182 |
No |
62.3 |
19.0 |
3.3 |
89.6 |
90.3 |
65.1 |
70.0 |
68.5 |
90.9 |
2386 |
Birth center |
2.8 |
0.9 |
1.9 |
6.5 |
8.3 |
4.7 |
7.3 |
5.6 |
6.7 |
122 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Unknown |
44.4 |
37.5 |
0.0 |
100.0 |
87.5 |
71.4 |
75.0 |
62.5 |
100.0 |
29 |
Healthy newborn only |
49.8 |
14.4 |
4.4 |
83.4 |
84.2 |
69.6 |
68.1 |
64.5 |
83.5 |
1109 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
67.1 |
21.6 |
2.8 |
90.5 |
90.7 |
63.0 |
67.2 |
69.1 |
91.1 |
1075 |
Level 3 NICU |
69.1 |
18.0 |
2.2 |
80.4 |
82.7 |
33.3 |
60.4 |
59.7 |
87.9 |
477 |
Census region |
Pacific |
28.2 |
5.2 |
2.2 |
64.7 |
69.1 |
44.2 |
46.2 |
47.9 |
71.9 |
354 |
Mountain |
44.9 |
11.3 |
1.0 |
87.4 |
85.5 |
51.0 |
69.1 |
67.3 |
87.3 |
213 |
West North Central |
62.6 |
13.9 |
5.4 |
91.6 |
91.1 |
63.5 |
71.3 |
81.5 |
95.8 |
369 |
East North Central |
62.7 |
10.1 |
2.7 |
94.1 |
90.1 |
69.6 |
63.5 |
68.9 |
90.7 |
465 |
West South Central |
73.0 |
37.3 |
3.8 |
83.2 |
87.2 |
60.3 |
80.3 |
67.0 |
86.9 |
311 |
East South Central |
84.6 |
38.4 |
3.8 |
91.6 |
92.0 |
71.1 |
85.2 |
76.9 |
93.7 |
192 |
New England |
35.8 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
94.4 |
86.3 |
49.6 |
41.9 |
51.6 |
86.1 |
128 |
Middle Atlantic |
70.0 |
21.2 |
4.1 |
90.0 |
91.1 |
67.6 |
64.9 |
70.1 |
91.1 |
257 |
South Atlantic |
71.1 |
23.9 |
3.8 |
81.8 |
88.1 |
59.5 |
69.6 |
55.7 |
84.6 |
401 |
table 4.5a: Nighttime feedings for non-rooming-in infants by facility type, size, NICU level, and region |
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 |
|
How many breastfeeding infants who do not room-in are brought to the mother for breastfeeding at night |
Few |
Some |
Many |
Most |
Not sure |
N |
All |
3.6 |
5.1 |
16.9 |
71.5 |
2.9 |
2415 |
Type of facility |
Birth center |
21.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
61.7 |
17.0 |
47 |
Government hospital |
3.5 |
5.7 |
12.5 |
76.4 |
1.8 |
488 |
Non-profit hospital |
2.5 |
5.3 |
18.1 |
71.7 |
2.3 |
1576 |
Private hospital |
5.0 |
4.3 |
21.6 |
65.6 |
3.5 |
282 |
Military hospital |
22.7 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
45.5 |
22.7 |
22 |
Size of facility |
0-249 |
4.2 |
2.0 |
6.3 |
84.7 |
2.8 |
504 |
250-499 |
1.7 |
2.9 |
12.7 |
81.8 |
1.0 |
417 |
500-999 |
3.6 |
4.7 |
16.6 |
73.3 |
1.8 |
506 |
1000-1999 |
3.9 |
6.8 |
23.4 |
62.2 |
3.7 |
516 |
2000-4999 |
3.2 |
8.2 |
25.2 |
58.4 |
5.0 |
404 |
5000 or more |
10.3 |
14.7 |
25.0 |
45.6 |
4.4 |
68 |
Teaching hospital |
Yes |
4.7 |
8.1 |
21.5 |
58.7 |
7.0 |
172 |
No |
3.1 |
5.0 |
16.9 |
72.7 |
2.2 |
2196 |
Birth center |
21.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
61.7 |
17.0 |
47 |
Level of Neonatal Care |
Unknown |
0.0 |
0.0 |
14.3 |
71.4 |
14.3 |
7 |
Healthy newborn only |
4.6 |
3.1 |
10.9 |
78.6 |
2.9 |
943 |
Level 1 or 2 NICU |
2.6 |
5.4 |
19.3 |
70.6 |
2.1 |
1011 |
Level 3 NICU |
3.7 |
8.8 |
24.2 |
58.8 |
4.4 |
454 |
Census region |
Pacific |
10.8 |
5.4 |
13.5 |
63.3 |
6.9 |
259 |
Mountain |
2.2 |
4.8 |
18.3 |
69.9 |
4.8 |
186 |
West North Central |
1.1 |
2.3 |
7.4 |
88.3 |
0.9 |
351 |
East North Central |
1.8 |
6.2 |
15.5 |
75.3 |
1.1 |
438 |
West South Central |
3.2 |
7.1 |
23.1 |
61.6 |
5.0 |
281 |
East South Central |
4.3 |
6.5 |
22.2 |
66.5 |
0.5 |
185 |
New England |
2.6 |
0.9 |
9.6 |
86.0 |
0.9 |
114 |
Middle Atlantic |
1.2 |
7.0 |
22.5 |
66.8 |
2.5 |
244 |
South Atlantic |
5.3 |
4.5 |
20.7 |
66.1 |
3.4 |
357 |