| table 4.1a: Separation of mother & infant during postpartum transitionby facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||||
| How many minutes are mothers & infants separatedfollowing vaginal birth in transition to recovery room | ||||||
| No separation | <30 minutes | 31-60 minutes | 61-90 minutes | >90 minutes | N | |
| All | 49.9 | 9.6 | 18.4 | 7.0 | 15.1 | 2609 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 93.3 | 5.0 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 119 |
| Government hospital | 41.1 | 14.1 | 21.1 | 7.4 | 16.3 | 516 |
| Non-profit hospital | 51.6 | 9.4 | 18.7 | 6.8 | 13.5 | 1649 |
| Private hospital | 35.1 | 5.0 | 20.4 | 10.0 | 29.4 | 299 |
| Military hospital | 88.5 | 3.8 | 0.0 | 7.7 | 0.0 | 26 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 56.6 | 20.0 | 15.9 | 2.4 | 5.0 | 615 |
| 250-499 | 52.2 | 12.0 | 19.9 | 7.2 | 8.8 | 433 |
| 500-999 | 49.9 | 6.7 | 21.0 | 8.2 | 14.2 | 537 |
| 1000-1999 | 45.0 | 4.3 | 17.2 | 10.3 | 23.3 | 536 |
| 2000-4999 | 45.8 | 3.4 | 19.9 | 7.2 | 23.7 | 417 |
| 5000 or more | 39.4 | 2.8 | 12.7 | 9.9 | 35.2 | 71 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 43.1 | 5.7 | 12.1 | 9.8 | 29.3 | 174 |
| No | 48.2 | 10.1 | 19.8 | 7.1 | 14.8 | 2316 |
| Birth center | 93.3 | 5.0 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 119 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Unknown | 60.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 30.0 | 10 |
| Healthy newborn only | 53.9 | 15.5 | 17.0 | 5.4 | 8.1 | 1083 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 49.5 | 6.6 | 19.3 | 7.0 | 17.7 | 1049 |
| Level 3 NICU | 41.3 | 2.8 | 20.3 | 10.5 | 25.1 | 467 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 75.0 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 3.7 | 6.0 | 348 |
| Mountain | 51.0 | 13.9 | 23.1 | 4.8 | 7.2 | 208 |
| West North Central | 49.6 | 24.1 | 20.4 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 357 |
| East North Central | 59.1 | 9.6 | 18.4 | 4.7 | 8.2 | 450 |
| West South Central | 32.5 | 4.6 | 18.7 | 9.2 | 35.1 | 305 |
| East South Central | 23.2 | 4.9 | 22.7 | 15.1 | 34.1 | 185 |
| New England | 70.4 | 5.6 | 14.4 | 7.2 | 2.4 | 125 |
| Middle Atlantic | 35.9 | 8.6 | 27.8 | 8.6 | 19.2 | 245 |
| South Atlantic | 45.1 | 3.9 | 16.8 | 11.1 | 23.1 | 386 |
| table 4.2a: Separation of mother & infant at night by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||||
| How many hours are breastfeeding mother-infantpairs separated at night | ||||||
| No separation | 1-2 hours | 3-5 hours | 5-7 hours | 8 or more hours | N | |
| All | 67.3 | 12.0 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 1.8 | 2583 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 98.3 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 119 |
| Government hospital | 62.6 | 16.6 | 8.6 | 10.5 | 1.8 | 513 |
| Non-profit hospital | 67.4 | 10.8 | 10.5 | 9.9 | 1.4 | 1635 |
| Private hospital | 61.0 | 14.8 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 4.8 | 290 |
| Military hospital | 84.6 | 15.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 26 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 70.8 | 10.4 | 8.4 | 9.9 | 0.5 | 607 |
| 250-499 | 61.0 | 15.0 | 11.5 | 10.6 | 1.8 | 433 |
| 500-999 | 64.4 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 9.3 | 1.9 | 525 |
| 1000-1999 | 65.9 | 13.1 | 8.8 | 9.9 | 2.3 | 525 |
| 2000-4999 | 73.7 | 10.4 | 6.4 | 7.8 | 1.7 | 422 |
| 5000 or more | 70.4 | 7.0 | 5.6 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 71 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 74.9 | 10.3 | 4.6 | 7.4 | 2.9 | 175 |
| No | 65.1 | 12.7 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 1.8 | 2289 |
| Birth center | 98.3 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 119 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Unknown | 60.0 | 10.0 | 30.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10 |
| Healthy newborn only | 68.5 | 11.2 | 8.7 | 10.3 | 1.3 | 1073 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 64.7 | 13.6 | 10.2 | 9.3 | 2.1 | 1038 |
| Level 3 NICU | 70.6 | 10.4 | 8.7 | 8.2 | 2.2 | 462 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 87.9 | 9.8 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 348 |
| Mountain | 73.7 | 10.7 | 8.3 | 6.3 | 1.0 | 205 |
| West North Central | 61.1 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 13.2 | 1.1 | 357 |
| East North Central | 67.0 | 9.0 | 11.1 | 11.5 | 1.4 | 442 |
| West South Central | 61.9 | 17.4 | 8.0 | 10.4 | 2.3 | 299 |
| East South Central | 50.0 | 16.5 | 14.8 | 16.5 | 2.2 | 182 |
| New England | 74.8 | 11.4 | 9.8 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 123 |
| Middle Atlantic | 57.3 | 10.8 | 12.0 | 16.2 | 3.7 | 241 |
| South Atlantic | 67.9 | 12.4 | 9.3 | 7.8 | 2.6 | 386 |
| table 4.3a: Rooming in at least 23 hours a day by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | |||||
| What percent of healthy full-term infants room with their mothers at least 23 hours a day | |||||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | |
| All | 44.9 | 17.3 | 7.0 | 30.8 | 2658 |
| Type of facility | |||||
| Birth center | 5.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 94.2 | 121 |
| Government hospital | 44.3 | 14.6 | 6.3 | 34.8 | 526 |
| Non-profit hospital | 47.3 | 19.4 | 8.0 | 25.3 | 1679 |
| Private hospital | 49.5 | 18.7 | 6.2 | 25.6 | 305 |
| Military hospital | 25.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 74.1 | 27 |
| Size of facility | |||||
| 0-249 | 37.8 | 12.8 | 5.8 | 43.6 | 624 |
| 250-499 | 47.5 | 16.7 | 6.4 | 29.5 | 438 |
| 500-999 | 44.9 | 17.8 | 9.2 | 28.1 | 544 |
| 1000-1999 | 49.4 | 19.5 | 7.5 | 23.5 | 544 |
| 2000-4999 | 46.1 | 21.0 | 5.9 | 26.9 | 438 |
| 5000 or more | 48.6 | 17.1 | 7.1 | 27.1 | 70 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 50.3 | 18.1 | 11.3 | 20.3 | 177 |
| No | 46.5 | 18.1 | 7.0 | 28.3 | 2360 |
| Birth center | 5.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 94.2 | 121 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
| Unknown | 89.7 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 29 |
| Healthy newborn only | 39.8 | 15.2 | 6.5 | 38.5 | 1098 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 47.5 | 18.0 | 7.3 | 27.2 | 1059 |
| Level 3 NICU | 48.1 | 21.4 | 7.8 | 22.7 | 472 |
| Census region | |||||
| Pacific | 15.9 | 9.7 | 7.7 | 66.8 | 352 |
| Mountain | 29.5 | 16.7 | 5.2 | 48.6 | 210 |
| West North Central | 54.0 | 20.4 | 7.7 | 17.9 | 363 |
| East North Central | 49.2 | 23.4 | 9.0 | 18.4 | 457 |
| West South Central | 47.9 | 14.2 | 3.9 | 34.0 | 309 |
| East South Central | 67.7 | 12.2 | 4.2 | 15.9 | 189 |
| New England | 37.8 | 19.7 | 16.5 | 26.0 | 127 |
| Middle Atlantic | 59.5 | 18.7 | 5.6 | 16.3 | 252 |
| South Atlantic | 45.1 | 17.8 | 6.0 | 31.1 | 399 |
| table 4.4a: Reasons for removing healthy full-term breastfed infants from mother's room by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||||||||
| Pediatric rounds | Change of shift | Visiting hours | Hearing test | Heel stick | Infant photos | Infant's bath | Mother bathing | Mother out ofroom | N | |
| All | 60.3 | 18.1 | 3.4 | 85.8 | 86.6 | 60.4 | 66.4 | 65.5 | 87.4 | 2690 |
| Type of facility | ||||||||||
| Birth center | 2.8 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 6.5 | 8.3 | 4.7 | 7.3 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 122 |
| Government hospital | 57.7 | 20.8 | 3.4 | 90.6 | 90.0 | 68.0 | 77.3 | 75.3 | 92.9 | 532 |
| Non-profit hospital | 62.3 | 16.4 | 3.1 | 89.6 | 89.7 | 62.5 | 65.4 | 66.5 | 90.6 | 1698 |
| Private hospital | 75.5 | 29.4 | 5.6 | 87.3 | 92.3 | 58.6 | 78.2 | 68.1 | 91.4 | 311 |
| Military hospital | 56.0 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 57.7 | 80.8 | 32.0 | 24.0 | 21.7 | 56.0 | 27 |
| Size of facility | ||||||||||
| 0-249 | 37.4 | 7.4 | 4.1 | 77.8 | 78.2 | 61.5 | 67.0 | 65.1 | 78.7 | 630 |
| 250-499 | 68.7 | 22.3 | 4.7 | 95.0 | 96.4 | 85.3 | 74.1 | 74.2 | 94.1 | 448 |
| 500-999 | 70.1 | 26.6 | 3.3 | 94.0 | 92.9 | 81.8 | 70.3 | 65.6 | 92.5 | 548 |
| 1000-1999 | 67.6 | 20.1 | 2.1 | 85.6 | 85.3 | 49.8 | 63.1 | 64.5 | 88.1 | 553 |
| 2000-4999 | 61.4 | 16.7 | 2.7 | 79.4 | 84.4 | 24.6 | 57.8 | 61.0 | 86.3 | 440 |
| 5000 or more | 64.8 | 10.0 | 2.9 | 72.9 | 70.4 | 24.6 | 58.0 | 47.8 | 82.6 | 71 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||||||
| Yes | 69.9 | 15.6 | 4.7 | 83.4 | 85.7 | 32.5 | 56.0 | 63.2 | 90.3 | 182 |
| No | 62.3 | 19.0 | 3.3 | 89.6 | 90.3 | 65.1 | 70.0 | 68.5 | 90.9 | 2386 |
| Birth center | 2.8 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 6.5 | 8.3 | 4.7 | 7.3 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 122 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||||||
| Unknown | 44.4 | 37.5 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 87.5 | 71.4 | 75.0 | 62.5 | 100.0 | 29 |
| Healthy newborn only | 49.8 | 14.4 | 4.4 | 83.4 | 84.2 | 69.6 | 68.1 | 64.5 | 83.5 | 1109 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 67.1 | 21.6 | 2.8 | 90.5 | 90.7 | 63.0 | 67.2 | 69.1 | 91.1 | 1075 |
| Level 3 NICU | 69.1 | 18.0 | 2.2 | 80.4 | 82.7 | 33.3 | 60.4 | 59.7 | 87.9 | 477 |
| Census region | ||||||||||
| Pacific | 28.2 | 5.2 | 2.2 | 64.7 | 69.1 | 44.2 | 46.2 | 47.9 | 71.9 | 354 |
| Mountain | 44.9 | 11.3 | 1.0 | 87.4 | 85.5 | 51.0 | 69.1 | 67.3 | 87.3 | 213 |
| West North Central | 62.6 | 13.9 | 5.4 | 91.6 | 91.1 | 63.5 | 71.3 | 81.5 | 95.8 | 369 |
| East North Central | 62.7 | 10.1 | 2.7 | 94.1 | 90.1 | 69.6 | 63.5 | 68.9 | 90.7 | 465 |
| West South Central | 73.0 | 37.3 | 3.8 | 83.2 | 87.2 | 60.3 | 80.3 | 67.0 | 86.9 | 311 |
| East South Central | 84.6 | 38.4 | 3.8 | 91.6 | 92.0 | 71.1 | 85.2 | 76.9 | 93.7 | 192 |
| New England | 35.8 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 94.4 | 86.3 | 49.6 | 41.9 | 51.6 | 86.1 | 128 |
| Middle Atlantic | 70.0 | 21.2 | 4.1 | 90.0 | 91.1 | 67.6 | 64.9 | 70.1 | 91.1 | 257 |
| South Atlantic | 71.1 | 23.9 | 3.8 | 81.8 | 88.1 | 59.5 | 69.6 | 55.7 | 84.6 | 401 |
| table 4.5a: Nighttime feedings for non-rooming-in infants by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||||
| How many breastfeeding infants who do not room-in are brought to the mother for breastfeeding at night | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 3.6 | 5.1 | 16.9 | 71.5 | 2.9 | 2415 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 21.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 61.7 | 17.0 | 47 |
| Government hospital | 3.5 | 5.7 | 12.5 | 76.4 | 1.8 | 488 |
| Non-profit hospital | 2.5 | 5.3 | 18.1 | 71.7 | 2.3 | 1576 |
| Private hospital | 5.0 | 4.3 | 21.6 | 65.6 | 3.5 | 282 |
| Military hospital | 22.7 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 45.5 | 22.7 | 22 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 6.3 | 84.7 | 2.8 | 504 |
| 250-499 | 1.7 | 2.9 | 12.7 | 81.8 | 1.0 | 417 |
| 500-999 | 3.6 | 4.7 | 16.6 | 73.3 | 1.8 | 506 |
| 1000-1999 | 3.9 | 6.8 | 23.4 | 62.2 | 3.7 | 516 |
| 2000-4999 | 3.2 | 8.2 | 25.2 | 58.4 | 5.0 | 404 |
| 5000 or more | 10.3 | 14.7 | 25.0 | 45.6 | 4.4 | 68 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 4.7 | 8.1 | 21.5 | 58.7 | 7.0 | 172 |
| No | 3.1 | 5.0 | 16.9 | 72.7 | 2.2 | 2196 |
| Birth center | 21.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 61.7 | 17.0 | 47 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 14.3 | 71.4 | 14.3 | 7 |
| Healthy newborn only | 4.6 | 3.1 | 10.9 | 78.6 | 2.9 | 943 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 2.6 | 5.4 | 19.3 | 70.6 | 2.1 | 1011 |
| Level 3 NICU | 3.7 | 8.8 | 24.2 | 58.8 | 4.4 | 454 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 10.8 | 5.4 | 13.5 | 63.3 | 6.9 | 259 |
| Mountain | 2.2 | 4.8 | 18.3 | 69.9 | 4.8 | 186 |
| West North Central | 1.1 | 2.3 | 7.4 | 88.3 | 0.9 | 351 |
| East North Central | 1.8 | 6.2 | 15.5 | 75.3 | 1.1 | 438 |
| West South Central | 3.2 | 7.1 | 23.1 | 61.6 | 5.0 | 281 |
| East South Central | 4.3 | 6.5 | 22.2 | 66.5 | 0.5 | 185 |
| New England | 2.6 | 0.9 | 9.6 | 86.0 | 0.9 | 114 |
| Middle Atlantic | 1.2 | 7.0 | 22.5 | 66.8 | 2.5 | 244 |
| South Atlantic | 5.3 | 4.5 | 20.7 | 66.1 | 3.4 | 357 |