| Table 1.1a: Skin-to-skin contact among vaginal births by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||||
| How many patients experience mother-infant skin-to-skin contact for at least 30 minutes within 1 hour of uncomplicated vaginal birth | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 13.1 | 20.6 | 24.9 | 40.4 | 1.0 | 2679 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 95.9 | 0.0 | 121 |
| Government hospital | 15.8 | 23.4 | 26.6 | 33.3 | 0.9 | 531 |
| Non-profit hospital | 12.8 | 20.8 | 25.1 | 40.1 | 1.1 | 1690 |
| Private hospital | 15.5 | 21.3 | 29.7 | 32.9 | 0.6 | 310 |
| Military hospital | 3.7 | 33.3 | 22.2 | 40.7 | 0.0 | 27 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 15.8 | 16.2 | 19.6 | 48.1 | 0.3 | 628 |
| 250-499 | 13.9 | 23.1 | 24.9 | 37.7 | 0.4 | 446 |
| 500-999 | 10.8 | 24.1 | 25.4 | 39.4 | 0.4 | 548 |
| 1000-1999 | 14.7 | 20.7 | 27.4 | 36.2 | 1.1 | 552 |
| 2000-4999 | 9.7 | 19.3 | 27.4 | 41.1 | 2.5 | 435 |
| 5000 or more | 11.4 | 25.7 | 32.9 | 25.7 | 4.3 | 70 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 7.9 | 20.9 | 27.1 | 39.0 | 5.1 | 177 |
| No | 14.1 | 21.6 | 25.9 | 37.7 | 0.7 | 2381 |
| Birth center | 0.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 95.9 | 0.0 | 121 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Unknown | 8.3 | 12.5 | 41.7 | 37.5 | 0.0 | 24 |
| Healthy newborn only | 14.4 | 17.3 | 23.8 | 44.0 | 0.4 | 1108 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 13.3 | 25.0 | 24.3 | 36.6 | 0.7 | 1073 |
| Level 3 NICU | 9.7 | 19.0 | 27.6 | 40.7 | 3.0 | 474 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 4.3 | 13.6 | 24.7 | 56.8 | 0.6 | 352 |
| Mountain | 9.4 | 21.6 | 26.8 | 39.9 | 2.3 | 213 |
| West North Central | 17.7 | 23.6 | 20.7 | 38.0 | 0.0 | 368 |
| East North Central | 14.8 | 21.1 | 26.2 | 37.2 | 0.6 | 465 |
| West South Central | 17.4 | 24.2 | 22.3 | 35.5 | 0.6 | 310 |
| East South Central | 23.0 | 26.2 | 25.1 | 23.6 | 2.1 | 191 |
| New England | 3.2 | 7.9 | 26.2 | 61.9 | 0.8 | 126 |
| Middle Atlantic | 10.2 | 18.9 | 28.7 | 39.4 | 2.8 | 254 |
| South Atlantic | 13.5 | 22.8 | 25.3 | 38.0 | 0.5 | 400 |
| Table 1.2a: Skin-to-skin contact among Cesarean births by hospital type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||||
| How many patients experience mother-infant skin-to-skin contact for at least 30 minutes within 2 hours of uncomplicated Cesarean birth | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 29.1 | 22.3 | 19.0 | 29.3 | 0.3 | 2512 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Government hospital | 31.1 | 26.1 | 16.2 | 25.9 | 0.6 | 517 |
| Non-profit hospital | 28.0 | 20.9 | 19.8 | 31.0 | 0.2 | 1666 |
| Private hospital | 33.0 | 22.4 | 18.8 | 25.7 | 0.0 | 303 |
| Military hospital | 15.4 | 30.8 | 23.1 | 30.8 | 0.0 | 26 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 30.2 | 19.4 | 18.8 | 31.5 | 0.2 | 496 |
| 250-499 | 28.5 | 21.8 | 20.0 | 29.2 | 0.5 | 431 |
| 500-999 | 27.5 | 23.4 | 20.4 | 28.8 | 0.0 | 539 |
| 1000-1999 | 28.7 | 26.0 | 17.0 | 28.0 | 0.4 | 547 |
| 2000-4999 | 30.1 | 20.1 | 18.5 | 30.8 | 0.5 | 428 |
| 5000 or more | 33.8 | 22.5 | 22.5 | 21.1 | 0.0 | 71 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 29.1 | 20.7 | 19.6 | 29.6 | 1.1 | 179 |
| No | 29.1 | 22.4 | 18.9 | 29.3 | 0.2 | 2333 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Unknown | 20.0 | 33.3 | 13.3 | 33.3 | 0.0 | 15 |
| Healthy newborn only | 29.2 | 20.7 | 19.6 | 30.2 | 0.3 | 967 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 29.2 | 23.7 | 18.9 | 28.0 | 0.2 | 1057 |
| Level 3 NICU | 29.0 | 22.2 | 18.0 | 30.4 | 0.4 | 473 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 16.8 | 20.3 | 22.5 | 40.3 | 0.0 | 315 |
| Mountain | 18.5 | 25.1 | 22.1 | 34.4 | 0.0 | 195 |
| West North Central | 29.9 | 22.8 | 18.6 | 28.5 | 0.3 | 355 |
| East North Central | 28.7 | 24.3 | 19.6 | 26.7 | 0.7 | 449 |
| West South Central | 35.0 | 22.3 | 18.7 | 24.0 | 0.0 | 283 |
| East South Central | 37.6 | 22.6 | 16.7 | 22.6 | 0.5 | 186 |
| New England | 13.3 | 15.0 | 20.8 | 50.8 | 0.0 | 120 |
| Middle Atlantic | 34.3 | 24.4 | 16.1 | 24.4 | 0.8 | 242 |
| South Atlantic | 37.9 | 20.4 | 16.6 | 25.1 | 0.0 | 367 |
| Note: Birth centers are not included in these tabulations. | ||||||
| Table 1.3a: Early breastfeeding initiation among vaginal births by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | |||||
| What percent of healthy breastfed infants are put to the breast within 1 hour of uncomplicated vaginal birth | |||||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | |
| All | 4.1 | 15.6 | 36.8 | 43.5 | 2580 |
| Type of facility | |||||
| Birth center | 1.7 | 0.0 | 5.9 | 92.4 | 119 |
| Government hospital | 6.4 | 15.7 | 39.2 | 38.6 | 502 |
| Non-profit hospital | 3.5 | 15.6 | 36.9 | 44.0 | 1640 |
| Private hospital | 4.4 | 21.2 | 43.3 | 31.1 | 293 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 23.1 | 53.8 | 23.1 | 26 |
| Size of facility | |||||
| 0-249 | 3.5 | 11.5 | 29.6 | 55.4 | 601 |
| 250-499 | 3.5 | 12.6 | 37.1 | 46.9 | 429 |
| 500-999 | 4.2 | 13.6 | 40.5 | 41.7 | 528 |
| 1000-1999 | 3.8 | 18.9 | 38.8 | 38.4 | 528 |
| 2000-4999 | 5.4 | 21.2 | 37.9 | 35.5 | 425 |
| 5000 or more | 5.8 | 26.1 | 47.8 | 20.3 | 69 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 2.9 | 23.6 | 36.2 | 37.4 | 174 |
| No | 4.3 | 15.8 | 38.5 | 41.4 | 2287 |
| Birth center | 1.7 | 0.0 | 5.9 | 92.4 | 119 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
| Unknown | 4.3 | 17.4 | 43.5 | 34.8 | 23 |
| Healthy newborn only | 4.2 | 13.0 | 32.6 | 50.2 | 1068 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 3.5 | 16.7 | 39.9 | 39.9 | 1028 |
| Level 3 NICU | 5.0 | 19.1 | 39.5 | 36.4 | 461 |
| Census region | |||||
| Pacific | 3.9 | 11.7 | 35.3 | 49.1 | 334 |
| Mountain | 1.5 | 12.7 | 33.3 | 52.5 | 204 |
| West North Central | 4.0 | 14.3 | 41.7 | 40.0 | 350 |
| East North Central | 3.5 | 14.0 | 36.6 | 45.9 | 451 |
| West South Central | 8.2 | 19.7 | 42.2 | 29.9 | 294 |
| East South Central | 6.0 | 19.7 | 38.8 | 35.5 | 183 |
| New England | 1.6 | 1.6 | 27.8 | 69.0 | 126 |
| Middle Atlantic | 2.8 | 20.5 | 32.1 | 44.6 | 249 |
| South Atlantic | 3.9 | 20.1 | 36.8 | 39.3 | 389 |
| Table 1.4a: Early breastfeeding initiation among Cesarean births by hospital type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | |||||
| What percent of healthy breastfed infants are put to the breast within 2 hours of uncomplicated Cesarean birth | |||||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | |
| All | 12.6 | 19.5 | 31.5 | 36.5 | 2318 |
| Type of facility | |||||
| Government hospital | 15.4 | 19.8 | 28.3 | 36.5 | 474 |
| Non-profit hospital | 10.8 | 18.2 | 32.3 | 38.7 | 1549 |
| Private hospital | 17.8 | 25.2 | 33.3 | 23.7 | 270 |
| Military hospital | 12.0 | 28.0 | 24.0 | 36.0 | 25 |
| Size of facility | |||||
| 0-249 | 10.0 | 14.3 | 28.3 | 47.4 | 460 |
| 250-499 | 9.8 | 19.3 | 32.6 | 38.3 | 399 |
| 500-999 | 10.2 | 17.0 | 34.1 | 38.7 | 499 |
| 1000-1999 | 15.9 | 19.5 | 31.9 | 32.7 | 498 |
| 2000-4999 | 15.5 | 26.5 | 31.0 | 27.0 | 400 |
| 5000 or more | 24.2 | 32.3 | 27.4 | 16.1 | 62 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 17.2 | 30.2 | 24.9 | 27.8 | 169 |
| No | 12.2 | 18.6 | 32.0 | 37.1 | 2149 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
| Unknown | 21.4 | 14.3 | 28.6 | 35.7 | 14 |
| Healthy newborn only | 11.4 | 16.7 | 30.0 | 41.8 | 892 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 12.1 | 18.7 | 33.3 | 35.9 | 974 |
| Level 3 NICU | 15.8 | 26.9 | 30.6 | 26.7 | 438 |
| Census region | |||||
| Pacific | 10.7 | 20.1 | 28.4 | 40.8 | 299 |
| Mountain | 10.2 | 16.1 | 32.3 | 41.4 | 186 |
| West North Central | 7.4 | 14.8 | 34.7 | 43.0 | 337 |
| East North Central | 7.2 | 14.7 | 35.4 | 42.7 | 429 |
| West South Central | 18.5 | 28.9 | 32.5 | 20.1 | 249 |
| East South Central | 19.9 | 23.4 | 21.6 | 35.1 | 171 |
| New England | 1.8 | 15.0 | 28.3 | 54.9 | 113 |
| Middle Atlantic | 19.9 | 20.8 | 30.8 | 28.5 | 221 |
| South Atlantic | 18.8 | 23.3 | 31.3 | 26.5 | 313 |
| Note: Birth centers are not included in these tabulations. | |||||
| Table 1.5a: Performance of routine procedures while skin-to-skin by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2007 | ||||||
| How often are routine infant procedures performed while mother & infant are skin-to-skin | ||||||
| Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Almost always | Not sure | N | |
| All | 33.9 | 27.9 | 20.7 | 16.6 | 0.9 | 2670 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 3.3 | 0.0 | 4.9 | 91.0 | 0.8 | 122 |
| Government hospital | 38.6 | 29.2 | 19.7 | 11.6 | 0.9 | 528 |
| Non-profit hospital | 33.1 | 29.7 | 22.1 | 14.2 | 0.8 | 1685 |
| Private hospital | 41.6 | 28.2 | 20.5 | 8.1 | 1.6 | 308 |
| Military hospital | 37.0 | 18.5 | 25.9 | 18.5 | 0.0 | 27 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 32.0 | 21.0 | 18.3 | 28.0 | 0.6 | 628 |
| 250-499 | 35.8 | 27.5 | 20.9 | 15.3 | 0.5 | 444 |
| 500-999 | 32.1 | 33.0 | 20.0 | 14.7 | 0.4 | 546 |
| 1000-1999 | 36.1 | 27.7 | 23.7 | 11.1 | 1.3 | 548 |
| 2000-4999 | 33.9 | 30.6 | 21.9 | 11.5 | 2.1 | 434 |
| 5000 or more | 34.3 | 38.6 | 15.7 | 10.0 | 1.4 | 70 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 32.6 | 31.4 | 20.0 | 10.9 | 5.1 | 175 |
| No | 35.5 | 29.1 | 21.6 | 13.1 | 0.6 | 2373 |
| Birth center | 3.3 | 0.0 | 4.9 | 91.0 | 0.8 | 122 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Unknown | 29.2 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 24 |
| Healthy newborn only | 33.2 | 25.1 | 18.8 | 22.3 | 0.5 | 1106 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 36.1 | 28.9 | 21.7 | 12.5 | 0.7 | 1069 |
| Level 3 NICU | 30.6 | 32.1 | 22.3 | 12.7 | 2.3 | 471 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 19.9 | 21.4 | 26.5 | 31.9 | 0.3 | 351 |
| Mountain | 27.4 | 29.7 | 24.5 | 16.5 | 1.9 | 212 |
| West North Central | 33.3 | 33.6 | 19.9 | 12.3 | 0.8 | 366 |
| East North Central | 34.1 | 27.8 | 22.4 | 14.9 | 0.9 | 464 |
| West South Central | 48.1 | 26.8 | 13.5 | 11.3 | 0.3 | 310 |
| East South Central | 45.0 | 31.4 | 14.7 | 7.9 | 1.0 | 191 |
| New England | 15.3 | 21.8 | 29.0 | 33.1 | 0.8 | 124 |
| Middle Atlantic | 36.2 | 28.3 | 23.2 | 10.6 | 1.6 | 254 |
| South Atlantic | 37.7 | 28.6 | 16.6 | 15.8 | 1.3 | 398 |