Zolmitriptan

Zolmitriptan, sold under the brand name Zomig among others, is a triptan used in the acute treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura and cluster headaches. It is a selective serotonin receptor agonist of the 1B and 1D subtypes.

Zolmitriptan
Clinical data
Trade namesZomig, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
    Routes of
    administration    		By mouth, nasal spray
    ATC code
    Legal status
    Legal status
    Pharmacokinetic data
    Bioavailability40% (oral)
    Protein binding25%
    MetabolismHepatic (CYP1A2-mediated, to active metabolite)
    Elimination half-life3 hours
    ExcretionRenal (65%) and fecal (35%)
    Identifiers
    CAS Number
    PubChem CID
    IUPHAR/BPS
    DrugBank
    ChemSpider
    UNII
    KEGG
    ChEBI
    ChEMBL
    CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
    ECHA InfoCard100.158.186
    Chemical and physical data
    FormulaC16H21N3O2
    Molar mass287.357 g/mol g·mol−1
    3D model (JSmol)
      (verify)

    It was patented in 1990 and approved for medical use in 1997.[1]

    Medical uses

    Zolmitriptan is used for the acute treatment of migraines with or without aura in adults. Zolmitriptan is not intended for the prophylactic therapy of migraine or for use in the management of hemiplegic or basilar migraine.

    Zolmitriptan is available as a swallowable tablet, an oral disintegrating tablet, and a nasal spray, in doses of 2.5 and 5 mg. People who get migraines from aspartame should not use the disintegrating tablet (Zomig ZMT), which contains aspartame.[2]

    According to a study of healthy volunteers, food intake seems to have no significant effect on the effectiveness of Zolmitriptan in both men and women.[3]

    Contraindications and precautions

    Zolmitriptan should not be given to patients with ischemic heart disease (angina pectoris, history of myocardial infarction, or documented silent ischemia) or to patients who have symptoms or findings consistent with ischemic heart disease, coronary artery vasospasm, including Prinzmetal's angina, or other significant underlying cardiovascular disease.

    Zolmitriptan may increase blood pressure, it should not be given to patients with uncontrolled hypertension, should not be used within 24 hours of treatment with another 5-HT1 agonist, or an ergotamine-containing or ergot-type medication like dihydroergotamine or methysergide, and should not be administered to patients with hemiplegic or basilar migraine.

    Concurrent administration of MAOI or use of zolmitriptan within 2 weeks of discontinuation of MAO-A inhibitor therapy is contraindicated.

    Adverse reactions

    The Zomig ZMT dissolvable pill contains aspartame, and should be avoided by anyone sensitive to that ingredient and by those suffering from phenylketonuria.

    Rarely, serious cardiac events, including myocardial infarction (heart attack), have been associated with zolmitriptan.

    Reported minor adverse reactions include: hypesthesia, paresthesia (all types), warm and cold sensations, chest pain, throat and jaw tightness, dry mouth, dyspepsia, dysphagia, nausea, somnolence, vertigo, asthenia, myalgia, myasthenia and sweating.

    Following administration of cimetidine, the half-life and AUC of zolmitriptan and its active metabolites were approximately doubled (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY in product pamphlet). Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in the stomach.

    Chemistry

    Zolmitriptan is a synthetic tryptamine derivative and appears as a white powder that is partially soluble in water.

    Economics

    Brand names

    Zolmitriptan is marketed by AstraZeneca with the brand names Zomig, Zomigon (Argentina, Canada & Greece), AscoTop (Germany) and Zomigoro (France).

    Economics

    In 2008, Zomig generated nearly $154 million in sales.[4]

    AstraZeneca's U.S. patent on Zomig tablets expired on November 14, 2012, and its pediatric exclusivity extension expired on May 14, 2013.[5] The patent in certain European countries has already expired too, and generic drug maker Actavis released a generic version in those countries, starting in March 2012.[6]

    In Russia versions of zolmitriptan, which are not registered in the National registry of medications, may be regarded as narcotic drugs (derivatives of dimethyltriptamine).[7]

    References
    1. Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 531. ISBN 9783527607495.
    2. Newman LC, Lipton RB (2001). "Migraine MLT-Down: An Unusual Presentation of Migraine in Patients With Aspartame-Triggered Headaches". Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain (abstract). 41 (9): 899–901. doi:10.1046/j.1526-4610.2001.01164.x.
    3. Emma J. Seaber; Richard W. Peck; Deborah A. Smith; John Allanson; Nanco R. Hefting; Jan J. van Lier; Frans A.E. Sollie; Johan Wemer; Jan H.G. Jonkman (1998). "The absolute bioavailability and effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of zolmitriptan in healthy volunteers". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (abstract). 46 (5): 433–439. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00809.x. PMC 1873688.
    4. ""2008 Top 200 generic drugs by retail dollars"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-21.  (332 KB). Drug Topics (May 26, 2009). Retrieved on August 25, 2009.
    5. https://www.drugs.com/availability/generic-zomig-zmt.html
    6. http://www.actavis.com/en/media+center/newsroom/articles/migraine_zolmitriptan_eu.htm
    7. "Постановление Правительства РФ от 30 июня 1998 г. N 681 "Об утверждении перечня наркотических средств, психотропных веществ и их прекурсоров, подлежащих контролю в Российской Федерации" (с изменениями и дополнениями)" (in Russian). Гарант. Retrieved 2019-04-29. ДМТ (диметилтриптамин) и его производные, за исключением производных, включенных в качестве самостоятельных позиций в перечень
    This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.