WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children

The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children is a list, proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), of the most effective and safe medicines for use in children up to 12 years of age needed to meet the most important needs in a basic health-care system.[1] The list is divided into core items and complementary items. The core items are deemed to be the most cost effective options for key health problems and are usable with little additional health care resources. The complementary items frequently require additional infrastructure such as specially trained health care providers or diagnostic equipment. The first list for children was created in 2007, and the list is in its 7th edition as of 2019.[2]

Note: In the following article, an α indicates the medicine is a complementary item, for which specialised diagnostic or monitoring and/or specialist training are needed. An item may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs and/or a less attractive cost/benefit ratio.

Anaesthetics

General anaesthetics and oxygen

Inhalational medicines

Injectable medicines

Local anaesthetics

Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures

Medicines for pain and palliative care

Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A skeletal model of the chemical structure of aspirin

Opioid analgesics

Morphine[note 3]

Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care

Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis

Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings

Non-specific

Charcoal, activated

Specific

Acetylcysteine
Atropine
Calcium gluconate
Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue)
Naloxone
Deferoxamine^α
Dimercaprol^α
Fomepizole^α
Sodium calcium edetate^α
Succimer^α

Anticonvulsants/antiepileptics

Anti-infective medicines

Antihelminthics

Intestinal antihelminthics

A skeletal model of the chemical structure of albendazole

Antifilarials

Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines

Antibiotics

Beta lactam medicines

Other antibacterials

Antileprosy medicines

Antituberculosis medicines

Pure crystals of ethambutol

Antifungal medicines

Antiviral medicines

Antiherpes medicines

Aciclovir

Antiretrovirals

Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Abacavir (ABC)
Lamivudine (3TC)
Stavudine (d4T)
Zidovudine (ZDV or AZT)

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Efavirenz (EGV or EFZ)
Nevirapine (NVP)

Protease inhibitors

Two capsules of atazanavir

Fixed-dose combinations

Other antivirals

Antihepatitis medicines

Medicines for hepatitis B

Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Entecavir

Medicines for hepatitis C

No listings in this section.

Antiprotozoal medicines

Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines

Antileishmaniasis medicines

Antimalarial medicines

For curative treatment

For prophylaxis

Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines

Antitrypanosomal medicines

African trypanosomiasis

1st stage

2nd stage

American trypanosomiasis

Antimigraine medicines

Acute attack

Prophylaxis

Propranolol

Antineoplastic and immunosuppressives

Immunosuppressive medicines

Cytotoxic and adjuvant medicines

Hormones and antihormones

Antiparkinsonism

No listings in this section.

Medicines affecting the blood

Antianaemia medicines

Medicines affecting coagulation

Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies

Blood products and plasma substitutes of human origin

Blood and blood components

Bag containing one unit of fresh frozen plasma

Plasma-derived medicines

Human immunoglobulins

Blood coagulation factors

Plasma substitutes

Dextran 70[note 36]

Cardiovascular medicines

Antianginal medicines

No listings in this section.

Antiarrhythmic medicines

No listings in this section.

Antihypertensive medicines

Enalapril

Medicines used in heart failure

Antithrombotic medicines

No listings in this section.

Lipid-lowering agents

No listings in this section.

Dermatological (topical)

Antifungal medicines

Anti-infective medicines

Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

Scabicides and pediculicides

Diagnostic agents

Ophthalmic medicines

Radiocontrast media

Barium sulfate^α

Disinfectants and antiseptics

Antiseptics

Disinfectants

Diuretics

Gastrointestinal medicines

Pancreatic enzymes^α

Antiulcer medicines

Antiemetic medicines

Anti-inflammatory medicines

No listings in this section.

Laxatives

No listings in this section.

Medicines used in diarrhoea

Oral rehydration

Oral rehydration salts

Medicines for diarrhoea

Zinc sulfate[note 37]

Hormones, other endocrine medicines, and contraceptives

Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes

Androgens

No listings in this section.

Contraceptives

No listings in this section.

Oestrogens

No listings in this section.

Insulins and other medicines used for diabetes

Ovulation inducers

No listings in this section.

Progestogens

No listings in this section.

Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines

Immunologicals

Diagnostic agents

Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD)

Sera and immunoglobulins

Vaccines

A vial of oral cholera vaccine

Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors

Eye preparations

Anti-infective agents

Anti-inflammatory agents

Prednisolone

Local anaesthetics

Tetracaine

Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines

No listings in this section.

Mydriatics

Atropine[note 42]
Epinephrine (adrenaline)^α

Oxytocics and antioxytocics

No listings in this section.

Peritoneal dialysis solution

Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)^α

Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders

Medicines used in psychotic disorders

Medicines used in mood disorders

Medicines used in depressive disorders

Fluoxetine^α

Medicines used in bipolar disorders

No listings in this section.

Medicines for anxiety disorders

No listings in this section.

Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders

No listings in this section.

Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use

No listings in this section.

Medicines acting on the respiratory tract

Antiasthmatic medicines

Budesonide
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Salbutamol (albuterol)

Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances

Oral

Parenteral

Miscellaneous

Water for injection

Vitamins and minerals

Ear, nose and throat medicines in children

Specific medicines for neonatal care

Medicines administered to the neonate

Caffeine citrate
Chlorhexidine
Ibuprofen^α
Prostaglandin E^α
- Prostaglandin E1
- Prostaglandin E2
Surfactant^α

Medicines for diseases of joints

Medicines used to treat gout

No listings in this section.

Disease-modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders

Juvenile joint diseases

Aspirin[note 44]

Notes

Thiopental may be used as an alternative depending on local availability and cost.
Not recommended for anti‐inflammatory use due to lack of proven benefit to that effect
Alternatives limited to hydromorphone and oxycodone.
There may be a role for sedating antihistamines for limited indications (EMLc)
For surgical prophylaxis.
Do not administer with calcium and avoid in infants with hyperbilirubinaemia
Procaine benzylpenicillin is not recommended as first-line treatment for neonatal sepsis except in settings with high neonatal mortality, when given by trained health workers in cases where hospital care is not achievable.
3rd generation cephalosporin of choice for use in hospitalised neonates.
Only listed for the treatment of life‐threatening hospital‐based infection due to suspected or proven multidrug‐resistant infection
Only listed for single‐dose treatment of genital Chlamydia trachomatis and of trachoma.
For use only in patients with HIV receiving protease inhibitors.
For treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) only
Terizidone may be an alternative.
Prothionamide may be an alternative.
Ofloxacin and moxifloxacin may be alternatives based on availability and programme considerations.
Potentially severe or complicated illness due to confirmed or suspected influenza virus infection in accordance with WHO treatment guidelines.
For the treatment of viral haemorrhagic fevers.
To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
For use in the management of severe malaria.
Not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy or in children below 5 kg.
To be used in combination with either amodiaquine, mefloquine or sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine.
Other combinations that deliver the target doses required such as 153 mg or 200 mg (as hydrochloride) with 50 mg artesunate can be alternatives.
For use only for the treatment of P.vivax infection.
For use only in combination with quinine.
To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
Only for use to achieve radical cure of P.vivax and P.ovale infections, given for 14 days.
For use only in the management of severe malaria, and should be used in combination with doxycycline.
Only in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
For use only in central American regions, for use for P.vivax.
For use only in combination with chloroquine.
To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection.
To be used for the treatment of the initial phase of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection.
To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection
Only to be used in combination with eflornithine, for the treatment of T. b. gambiense infection.
Deferasirox oral form may be an alternative, depending on cost and availability.
Polygeline, injectable solution, 3.5% is considered as equivalent.
In acute diarrhoea zinc sulfate should be used as an adjunct to oral rehydration salts
Exact type to be defined locally.
Recommended for some high-risk populations
Recommended for immunisation programmes with certain characteristics
Recommended for certain regions
Or homatropine (hydrobromide) or cyclopentolate (hydrochloride).
Ergocalciferol can be used as an alternative.
For use for rheumatic fever, juvenile arthritis, Kawasaki disease

References

"Essential medicines". World Health Organization. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
"World Health Organization model list of essential medicines for children: 7th list 2019". 2019. hdl:10665/325772. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[Thiopental-3] Thiopental may be used as an alternative depending on local availability and cost.

[4] Not recommended for anti‐inflammatory use due to lack of proven benefit to that effect

[5] Alternatives limited to hydromorphone and oxycodone.

[6] There may be a role for sedating antihistamines for limited indications (EMLc)

[7] For surgical prophylaxis.

[8] Do not administer with calcium and avoid in infants with hyperbilirubinaemia

[9] Procaine benzylpenicillin is not recommended as first-line treatment for neonatal sepsis except in settings with high neonatal mortality, when given by trained health workers in cases where hospital care is not achievable.

[10] 3rd generation cephalosporin of choice for use in hospitalised neonates.

[11] Only listed for the treatment of life‐threatening hospital‐based infection due to suspected or proven multidrug‐resistant infection

[12] Only listed for single‐dose treatment of genital Chlamydia trachomatis and of trachoma.

[13] For use only in patients with HIV receiving protease inhibitors.

[14] For treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) only

[15] Terizidone may be an alternative.

[16] Prothionamide may be an alternative.

[17] Ofloxacin and moxifloxacin may be alternatives based on availability and programme considerations.

[18] Potentially severe or complicated illness due to confirmed or suspected influenza virus infection in accordance with WHO treatment guidelines.

[19] For the treatment of viral haemorrhagic fevers.

[20] To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg.

[21] For use in the management of severe malaria.

[22] Not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy or in children below 5 kg.

[23] To be used in combination with either amodiaquine, mefloquine or sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine.

[24] Other combinations that deliver the target doses required such as 153 mg or 200 mg (as hydrochloride) with 50 mg artesunate can be alternatives.

[25] For use only for the treatment of P.vivax infection.

[26] For use only in combination with quinine.

[27] To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg.

[28] Only for use to achieve radical cure of P.vivax and P.ovale infections, given for 14 days.

[29] For use only in the management of severe malaria, and should be used in combination with doxycycline.

[30] Only in combination with artesunate 50 mg.

[31] For use only in central American regions, for use for P.vivax.

[32] For use only in combination with chloroquine.

[33] To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection.

[34] To be used for the treatment of the initial phase of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection.

[35] To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection

[36] Only to be used in combination with eflornithine, for the treatment of T. b. gambiense infection.

[37] Deferasirox oral form may be an alternative, depending on cost and availability.

[38] Polygeline, injectable solution, 3.5% is considered as equivalent.

[39] In acute diarrhoea zinc sulfate should be used as an adjunct to oral rehydration salts

[40] Exact type to be defined locally.

[highrisk-41] Recommended for some high-risk populations

[certaincharacteristics-42] Recommended for immunisation programmes with certain characteristics

[regional-43] Recommended for certain regions

[44] Or homatropine (hydrobromide) or cyclopentolate (hydrochloride).

[45] Ergocalciferol can be used as an alternative.

[46] For use for rheumatic fever, juvenile arthritis, Kawasaki disease

[WHO2017Def-1] "Essential medicines". World Health Organization. Retrieved 20 January 2017.

[2] "World Health Organization model list of essential medicines for children: 7th list 2019". 2019. hdl:10665/325772. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

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