Ventral ramus of spinal nerve

The ventral ramus (pl. rami) (Latin for branch) is the anterior division of a spinal nerve. The ventral rami supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk and the limbs. They are mainly larger than the dorsal rami.

Ventral ramus
The formation of the spinal nerve from the dorsal and ventral roots. (Ventral ramus labeled at lower left.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	ramus anterior nervi spinalis
TA	A14.2.00.034
FMA	5982
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

Shortly after a spinal nerve exits the intervertebral foramen, it branches into the dorsal-ramus; the ventral-ramus; and the ramus-communicans. Each of these three structures carries both sensory and motor information. Each spinal nerve carries both sensory and motor information, (i.e. efferent (anatomy)| eferrent]]and afferent - ultimately via the motor cortex in the parietal cortex - but also through the phenomenon of reflex. Spinal nerves are referred to as “mixed nerves.”

In the thoracic region they remain distinct from each other and each innervates a narrow strip of muscle and skin along the sides, chest, ribs, and abdominal wall. These rami are called the intercostal nerves. In regions other than the thoracic, ventral rami converge with each other to form networks of nerves called nerve plexes. Within each plexus, fibers from the various ventral rami branch and become redistributed so that each nerve exiting the plexus has fibers from several different spinal nerves. One advantage to having plexes is that damage to a single spinal nerve will not completely paralyze a limb.

There are four main plexes formed by the ventral rami: the cervical plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C1-C4. Branches of the cervical plexus, which include the phrenic nerve, innervate muscles of the neck, the diaphragm, and the skin of the neck and upper chest. The brachial plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C5-T1. This plexus innervates the pectoral girdle and upper limb. The lumbar plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L1-L4. The sacral plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L4-S4. The lumbar and sacral plexes innervate the pelvic girdle and lower limbs.

Ventral rami, including the sinuvertebral nerve branches, also supply structures anterior to the facet joint, including the vertebral bodies, the discs and their ligaments, and joins other spinal nerves to form the lumbo-sacral plexus.