Vaccination schedule
A vaccination schedule is a series of vaccinations, including the timing of all doses, which may be either recommended or compulsory, depending on the country of residence. A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity to a disease, in order to prevent or reduce the effects of infection by any natural or "wild" pathogen.[1]
Many vaccines require multiple doses for maximum effectiveness, either to produce sufficient initial immune response or to boost response that fades over time. For example, tetanus vaccine boosters are often recommended every 10 years.[2] Vaccine schedules are developed by governmental agencies or physicians groups to achieve maximum effectiveness using required and recommended vaccines for a locality while minimizing the number of health care system interactions. Over the past two decades, the recommended vaccination schedule has grown rapidly and become more complicated as many new vaccines have been developed.[3]
Some vaccines are recommended only in certain areas (countries, sub national areas, or at-risk populations) where a disease is common. For instance, yellow fever vaccination is on the routine vaccine schedule of French Guiana, is recommended in certain regions of Brazil but in the United States is only given to travelers heading to countries with a history of the disease.[4] In developing countries, vaccine recommendations also take into account the level of health care access, the cost of vaccines and issues with vaccine availability and storage. Sample vaccination schedules discussed by the World Health Organization show a developed country using a schedule which extends over the first five years of a child's life and uses vaccines which cost over $700 including administration costs while a developing country uses a schedule providing vaccines in the first 9nths of life and costing only $25.[5] This difference is due to the lower cost of health care, the lower cost of many vaccines provided to developing nations, and that more expensive vaccines, often for less common diseases, are not utilized.
Worldwide
The World Health Organization monitors vaccination schedules across the world, noting what vaccines are included in each country's program, the coverage rates achieved and various auditing measures.[6] The table below shows the types of vaccines given in example countries. The WHO publishes on its website current vaccination schedules for all WHO member states.[7] Additional vaccines are given to individuals more likely to come into contact with specific diseases through work or travel (e.g. military), or after potentially infectious exposure. Examples include rabies, anthrax, cholera and smallpox.[8][9]
By country
Australia
The Immunise Australia Program implements the National Immunization Program (NIP) Schedule. All vaccines available under the Australian immunization schedule are free of charge under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.[12]
Vaccine | Birth | Months | Years | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 4 | 10-15 | 15-64 | 65+ | 70-79 | ||
Hepatitis A | HepA[1] | |||||||||||
Hepatitis B | HepB | HepB | HepB | HepB | [14] | [15] | ||||||
Diphtheria | DTPa | DTPa | DTPa | [14] | DTPa | [14] | DTPa | dTpa | ||||
Pertussis | ||||||||||||
Tetanus | ||||||||||||
Haemophilus influenzae | HIB | HIB | HIB | HIB | [14] | |||||||
Polio | IPV | IPV | IPV | [14] | IPV | [15] | ||||||
Pneumococcus | 13vPCV | 13vPCV | 13vPCV | 13vPCV[1] | 23vPPV | 23vPPV[2] | 23vPPV | |||||
13vPCV | ||||||||||||
[14] | ||||||||||||
Rotavirus | RV | RV | RV | |||||||||
Measles | MMR | MMR | [14] | [15] | ||||||||
Mumps | ||||||||||||
Rubella | ||||||||||||
Varicella | VV | [14] | [14] | |||||||||
Meningococcus | MenCCV | [14] | [15] | |||||||||
Human papillomavirus | HPV | |||||||||||
Flu | IIV (yearly) | |||||||||||
Shingles | Zostavax | |||||||||||
Recommended ages for everyone.
Recommended range of additional vaccinations for Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders.
Recommended ages for certain other high-risk groups.
Recommended ages for catch-up immunization or for people who lack evidence of immunity (e.g., lack documentation of vaccination or have no evidence of prior infection).
[1] 1 2 In high-risk areas.
|
Brazil
All recommended vaccines are provide free of charge by the public health services
Infection | Gestation | Birth | Months | Years | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 11 | 10-59 | 60+ | |||
Tuberculosis | BCG | |||||||||||||||
Leprosy | ||||||||||||||||
Hepatitis A | HepA | |||||||||||||||
Hepatitis B | HepB | 5V | 5V | 5V | ||||||||||||
Diphtheria | DTPa | DTPa | DTPa | DTPa | ||||||||||||
Tetanus | ||||||||||||||||
Pertussis | ||||||||||||||||
Haemophilus influenzae | ||||||||||||||||
Polio | IPV | IPV | IPV | OPV | OPV | |||||||||||
Pneumococcus | 10v | 10v | 10v | 23v | 23v | |||||||||||
Meningococcus | MenC | MenC | MenC | |||||||||||||
Rotavirus | RV | RV | ||||||||||||||
Measles | MMR | MMRV | ||||||||||||||
Mumps | ||||||||||||||||
Rubella | ||||||||||||||||
Varicella | VV | |||||||||||||||
Yellow fever | YF | |||||||||||||||
Human papillomavirus | HPV x2 (girls) | HPV x2 (boys) | ||||||||||||||
Flu | IIV | IIV (yearly) | IIV (yearly) |
Canada
In Canada, publicly funded immunization schedules may vary from province or territory.
Alberta
Infection | Months | Years | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 4 | 10-13 | 15-17 | 65+ | |
Hepatitis B | HepB | ||||||||
Diphtheria | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | Tdap | |||
Tetanus | |||||||||
Pertussis | |||||||||
Haemophilus influenzae | HIB | HIB | HIB | HIB | |||||
Pneumococcus | PneuC13 | PneuC13 | PneuC13 | ||||||
Polio | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | ||||
Measles | MMRV | MMRV | |||||||
Mumps | |||||||||
Rubella | |||||||||
Varicella | |||||||||
Meningococcus | MenC | MenC | MenC-ACYW | ||||||
Human papillomavirus | HPV | HPV (boys) | |||||||
Flu | IIV (yearly) |
British Columbia
Infection | Months | Years | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 4 | 10-13 | 15-17 | 65+ | |
Hepatitis B | HepB | HepB | HepB | ||||||
Rotavirus | RV | RV | |||||||
Diphtheria | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | Tdap | ||||
Tetanus | |||||||||
Pertussis | |||||||||
Haemophilus influenzae | HIB | HIB | HIB | HIB | |||||
Pneumococcus | PneuC13 | PneuC13 | PneuC13 | ||||||
Polio | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | ||||
Measles | MMR | MMRV | |||||||
Mumps | |||||||||
Rubella | |||||||||
Varicella | VV | ||||||||
Meningococcus | MenCCV | MenCCV | |||||||
Human papillomavirus | HPV (girls) | ||||||||
Flu | IIV (yearly) |
New Brunswick
Infection | Birth | Months | Years | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 4 | 10-13 | 15-17 | 65+ | ||
Hepatitis B | HepB | HepB | HepB | |||||||
Diphtheria | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | Tdap | ||||
Tetanus | ||||||||||
Pertussis | ||||||||||
Haemophilus influenzae | HIB | HIB | HIB | HIB | ||||||
Pneumococcus | PneuC13 | PneuC13 | PneuC13 | |||||||
Polio | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | |||||
Measles | MMRV | MMRV | ||||||||
Mumps | ||||||||||
Rubella | ||||||||||
Varicella | ||||||||||
Meningococcus | MenCCV | MenC-ACYW | ||||||||
Human papillomavirus | HPV (girls) | |||||||||
Flu | IIV (yearly) |
Ontario
Infection | Months | Years | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 4 | 10-13 | 15-17 | |
Hepatitis B | HepB | ||||||||
Rotavirus | RV | RV | |||||||
Diphtheria | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | Tdap | |||
Tetanus | |||||||||
Pertussis | |||||||||
Haemophilus influenzae | HIB | HIB | HIB | HIB | |||||
Pneumococcus | PCV13 | PCV13 | PCV13 | ||||||
Polio | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | ||||
Measles | MMRV | MMRV | |||||||
Mumps | |||||||||
Rubella | |||||||||
Varicella | VV | ||||||||
Meningococcus | MenC | MenC-ACYW | |||||||
Human papillomavirus | HPV (girls) | ||||||||
Quebec
Infection | Months | Years | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 4-6 | 9 | 14-16 | Adult | 50 | 65 | 75 | |
Hepatitis A | HepA | |||||||||||
Hepatitis B | HepB | HepB | HepB | HepB | ||||||||
Rotavirus | RV | RV | ||||||||||
Diphtheria | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | Tdap | Tdap | Tdap | Tdap | ||||
Tetanus | ||||||||||||
Pertussis | ||||||||||||
Haemophilus influenzae | HIB | HIB | HIB | HIB | ||||||||
Pneumococcus | PCV10 | PCV10 | PCV10 | PPV23 | ||||||||
Polio | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | |||||||
Measles | MMR | MMRV | ||||||||||
Mumps | ||||||||||||
Rubella | ||||||||||||
Varicella | VV | |||||||||||
Meningococcus | MenCC | MenCC | ||||||||||
Human papillomavirus | HPV | |||||||||||
Flu | IIV | IIV | IIV | IIV (yearly) |
Finland
Birth | Months | Years | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 11-12 | 14‑15 | 25 | 65+ | ||
Tuberculosis | BCG[lower-alpha 1] | |||||||||||||
Rotavirus | RV | RV | RV | |||||||||||
Diphtheria | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | dTaP | Td (10‑yearly)[lower-alpha 2] | ||||||||
Tetanus | ||||||||||||||
Pertussis | ||||||||||||||
Polio | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | ||||||||||
Haemophilus influenzae | HIB | HIB | HIB | |||||||||||
Hepatitis B | HepB | |||||||||||||
Pneumococcus | PCV10[22] | PCV10[22] | PCV10[22] | PCV13 + PPSV23[22][lower-alpha 3] | ||||||||||
Measles | MMR[lower-alpha 4] | MMRV | ||||||||||||
Mumps | ||||||||||||||
Rubella | ||||||||||||||
Varicella[lower-alpha 5] | VV | |||||||||||||
Human papillomavirus | HPV (girls)[23] | |||||||||||||
Flu | IIV3[lower-alpha 6] | IIV3 | ||||||||||||
Tick-borne encephalitis | TBE[lower-alpha 7] | |||||||||||||
|
- History
- 1960: Mumps vaccinations for military recruits.
- 1975: Measles vaccination for 1 year old children.
- 1975: Rubella vaccination for 11–13 years old girls and seronegative mothers.
- 1982: Two doses of MMR vaccination at 14–18 months and 6 years of age were introduced in the national childhood vaccination programme.
- 2009: Rotavirus vaccine introduced at 2, 3 and 5 months to all children (September 2009)
- 2010: PCV introduced at 3, 5 and 12 months of age to all children (September 2010).
- 2013: HPV vaccination introduced
- 2017: Varicella vaccination introduced (1 Sept. 2017) at 18 months, 6 years + catch-up of all born from 1 jan 2006 or after with no history of varicella
France
This image was uploaded in a graphics format such as GIF, PNG, or JPEG. However, it consists purely of information which is better suited to representation in wikitext (possibly using MediaWiki's special syntax for tables, graphs, math, or music). This will make the information easier to edit, as well as making it accessible to users of screen readers and text-based browsers. If possible, please replace any inclusions of this image in articles (noted under the "File links" header) with properly formatted wikitext. After doing so, please consider nominating this image for deletion. |
Germany
In Germany, a vaccination schedule is developed by the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO), which operates as part of the Robert Koch Institute. The recommendations are generally adopted by the Federal Joint Committee.
This image was uploaded in a graphics format such as GIF, PNG, or JPEG. However, it consists purely of information which is better suited to representation in wikitext (possibly using MediaWiki's special syntax for tables, graphs, math, or music). This will make the information easier to edit, as well as making it accessible to users of screen readers and text-based browsers. If possible, please replace any inclusions of this image in articles (noted under the "File links" header) with properly formatted wikitext. After doing so, please consider nominating this image for deletion. |
Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, Department of Health is responsible for providing free vaccinations from newborns up to primary school students.
India
In India, the standard vaccination schedule is recommended by the Indian Academy of Paediatrics(IAP).[25] The latest schedule was the one given in 2016.[26]
Infection | Birth | Months | Years | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.5 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 6 | 9 | 9-12 | 12 | 15 | 16-18 | 18 | 2 | 4-6 | 10-12 | ||
Tuberculosis | BCG | |||||||||||||
Polio | OPV | OPV | OPV | OPV | ||||||||||
Hepatitis B | HepB | HepB | HepB | |||||||||||
Rotavirus | RV | RV | RV | |||||||||||
Diphtheria | DTwP | DTwP | DTwP | DTwP | DTwP | Tdap | ||||||||
Tetanus | ||||||||||||||
Pertussis | ||||||||||||||
Haemophilus influenzae | HIB | HIB | HIB | HIB | ||||||||||
Pneumococcus | PCV | PCV | PCV | PCV | ||||||||||
Polio | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | ||||||||||
Measles | MMR | MMR | MMR | |||||||||||
Mumps | ||||||||||||||
Rubella | ||||||||||||||
Typhoid | TCV | TCV | ||||||||||||
Hepatitis A | HepA | HepA | ||||||||||||
Varicella | VV | VV | ||||||||||||
Human papillomavirus | HPV (girls) |
Italy
This image was uploaded in a graphics format such as GIF, PNG, or JPEG. However, it consists purely of information which is better suited to representation in wikitext (possibly using MediaWiki's special syntax for tables, graphs, math, or music). This will make the information easier to edit, as well as making it accessible to users of screen readers and text-based browsers. If possible, please replace any inclusions of this image in articles (noted under the "File links" header) with properly formatted wikitext. After doing so, please consider nominating this image for deletion. |
New Zealand
Infection | Gestation | Months | Years | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.5 | 3 | 5 | 15 | 4 | 11-12 | 45 | 65+ | ||
Rotavirus | RV | RV | |||||||
Diphtheria | Tdap | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | Tdap | Td | Td | |
Tetanus | |||||||||
Pertussis | |||||||||
Polio | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | |||||
Hepatitis B | HepB | HepB | HepB | ||||||
Haemophilus influenzae | HIB | HIB | HIB | HIB | |||||
Pneumococcus | PCV10 | PCV10 | PCV10 | PCV10 | |||||
Measles | MMR | MMR | |||||||
Mumps | |||||||||
Rubella | |||||||||
Varicella | VV | VV[lower-alpha 1] | |||||||
Human papillomavirus | HPV9 | ||||||||
Flu | IIV | IIV (yearly) | |||||||
|
- History
Major additions, replacements and removals from the New Zealand Immunization Schedule include:[28]
- 1958 – First Schedule: DTwP and DT
- 1961 – Polio (OPV) added
- 1971 – Measles, rubella and tetanus toxoid added
- 1979 – Rubella changed to girls only
- 1988 – HepB added
- 1990 – MMR replaced measles and rubella
- 1994 – HIB added; Td replaced tetanus toxoid
- 1996 – DT dropped
- 1997 – Influenza added
- 2000 – DTaP replaced DTwP
- 2002 – IPV replaced OPV
- 2006 – MeNZB and Tdap added
- 2008 – MeNZB dropped, PCV7 added, HPV4 added for females only
- 2011 – PCV10 replaced PCV7
- 2014 – RV5 added, PCV13 replaced PCV10
- 2017 – HPV9 replaced HPV4 and extended to males, RV1 replaced RV5, PCV10 replaced PCV13, VV added
Nigeria
All recommended vaccines are provide free of charge by the Federal Ministry of Health.
Infection | Birth | Months | Years | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 18 | 4 | 5 | ||
Tuberculosis | BCG | ||||||||
Leprosy | |||||||||
Hepatitis B | HepB | 5V | 5V | 5V | |||||
Diphtheria | DTP | ||||||||
Tetanus | |||||||||
Pertussis | |||||||||
Haemophilus influenzae | |||||||||
Polio | OPV | OPV | OPV | OPV | OPV | OPV | |||
Pneumococcus | PCV | PCV | PCV | PCV | |||||
Meningococcus | MCV | MCV | |||||||
Yellow fever | YF |
Spain
This image was uploaded in a graphics format such as GIF, PNG, or JPEG. However, it consists purely of information which is better suited to representation in wikitext (possibly using MediaWiki's special syntax for tables, graphs, math, or music). This will make the information easier to edit, as well as making it accessible to users of screen readers and text-based browsers. If possible, please replace any inclusions of this image in articles (noted under the "File links" header) with properly formatted wikitext. After doing so, please consider nominating this image for deletion. |
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom childhood vaccination schedule is recommended by the Department of Health and National Health Service, and uses combination immunisations where available.
Infection | Months | Years | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 3 | 4 | 12 | 3-4 | 12-13 | 13-15 | 16–18 | |
Diphtheria | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | Td | |||
Tetanus | ||||||||
Pertussis | ||||||||
Polio | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | |||
Haemophilus influenzae | HIB | HIB | HIB | HIB | ||||
Meningococcus | MenB | MenB | MenB/C | MenACWY | ||||
Rotavirus | RV | RV | ||||||
Pneumococcus | PCV | PCV | PCV | |||||
Measles | MMR | MMR | ||||||
Mumps | ||||||||
Rubella | ||||||||
Human papillomavirus | HPV x2 | |||||||
^1. HPV for Females only 2 vaccinations over 24nths |
Non-routine vaccinations
Some children may receive vaccines in addition to those listed in the table:
- BCG vaccine is given at birth "to babies who are more likely to come into contact with Tuberculosis than the general population."
- Hepatitis B vaccine is given at birth "to babies whose mothers are hepatitis B positive."
Adult vaccinations
The five scheduled childhood tetanus vaccinations are thought to generally confer lifelong immunity; thus, no routine booster doses are given in adulthood. Those adults at risk of contaminated cuts (e.g., gardeners) may have booster tetanus vaccination every ten years.[30] ! style=text-align:left | Pneumococcus vaccinations (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine/PPV) are recommended for those over 65 and for people without a functional spleen (asplenia), either because the spleen has been removed or does not work properly.[31] Also, current CDC guidelines recommend that if not previously vaccinated, administer PCV13 first and give PPSV23 6–12nths after, but if previously received PPSV23, administer PCV13 12+nths after [32] ! style=text-align:left | Flu vaccine is recommended for anyone who is aged 65 years and over, people with certain long-term medical conditions, health and social care professionals and poultry workers.[33]
United States
The most up-to-date schedules are available from CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. In the US, the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act requires all health-care providers to provide parents or patients with copies of Vaccine Information Statements before administering vaccines.[34]
Infection | Birth | Months | Years | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 19-23 | 2-3 | 4-6 | 7-10 | 11-12 | 13-18 | 19-26 | 27-59 | 60-64 | 65+ | ||
Hepatitis B | HepB | HepB | HepB | HepB x3 | |||||||||||||||
Rotavirus | RV | RV | |||||||||||||||||
Diphtheria | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | DTaP | Tdap | Td (every 10 years) | ||||||||||||
Tetanus | |||||||||||||||||||
Pertussis | |||||||||||||||||||
Haemophilus influenzae | HIB | HIB | HIB | HIB | HIB x1-3 | ||||||||||||||
Pneumococcus | PCV | PCV | PCV | PCV | PPSV | PPSV | |||||||||||||
Polio | IPV | IPV | IPV | IPV | |||||||||||||||
Flu | IIV (yearly) | IIV or LAIV (yearly) | |||||||||||||||||
Measles | MMR | MMR | MMR x1-2 | MMR | |||||||||||||||
Mumps | |||||||||||||||||||
Rubella | |||||||||||||||||||
Varicella | VV | VV | VV | ||||||||||||||||
Hepatitis A | HepA x2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Meningococcus | MCV | MCV | MCV x1+ | ||||||||||||||||
Human papillomavirus | HPV x3 | HPV x31 | |||||||||||||||||
Range of recommended ages for everyone. See references for more details.
Range of recommended ages for certain high-risk groups. See references for more details.
Range of recommended ages for catch-up immunization or for people who lack evidence of immunity (e.g., lack documentation of vaccination or have no evidence of prior infection). CDC provides more detailed information in catch-up immunizations.
^1. Note on HPV vaccine: Males who have not yet received 3 doses of HPV4 are generally recommended to have done so through age 21. HPV4 is recommended for men who have sex with men through age 26 years who did not get any or all doses when they were younger. |
During pregnancy
The CDC recommends pregnant women receive some vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine a month or more before pregnancy. The Tdap vaccine (to help protect against whooping cough) is recommended during pregnancy. Other vaccines, like the flu shot, can be given before or during pregnancy, depending on whether or not it is flu season. Vaccination is safe right after giving birth, even while breastfeeding.[37][38][39][40]
History
In 1900, the smallpox vaccine was the only one administered to children. By the early 1950s, children routinely received three vaccines, for protection against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and smallpox, and as many as five shots by two years of age.[3] Since the mid-1980s, many vaccines have been added to the schedule. In 2009 the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended vaccination against at least fourteen diseases. By two years of age, U.S. children receive as many as 24 vaccine injections, and might receive up to five shots during one visit to the doctor.[3] The use of combination vaccine products means that, as of 2013, the United Kingdom's immunization program consists of 9 injections by the age of two, rather than 22 if vaccination for each disease was given as a separate injection.[41]
See also
- Vaccination policy
- Influenza vaccine
- H5N1 clinical trials
- 2009 flu pandemic vaccine
References
- "What Is a Vaccine". NIAID. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
- "Tetanus: Prevention". Mayo Clinic. 2006-09-21. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
- "History of Vaccine Schedule | The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia". Retrieved 2010-05-04.
- Update on Yellow Fever in the Americas, http://www.paho.org/english/SHA/be_v21n2-yellowfever.htm, the Epidemiological Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 2, June 2000, Pan American Health Organization, accessed July 18, 2007
- State of the World's Vaccines and Immunizations (pdf) from the World Health Organization (2003 edition)
- "WHO Vaccine Preventable Diseases Monitoring System". World Health Organization. 22 December 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
- http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/data/en/ Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals: Data, statistics and graphics, World Health Organization (accessed August 20, 2016).
- "Immunization schedules by diseases". apps.who.int. Retrieved 2019-11-27.
- "Vaccines: VPD-VAC/List of VPDs". Retrieved 2010-06-08.
- "Vaccine Scheduler | ECDC". vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa.eu. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
- "Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 Tahun 2017 Tentang Penyelanggaraan Imunisasi" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Kemenkes. 6 February 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
- "Immunise – About the Program". Archived from the original on 2015-05-04. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- "National Immunisation Program Schedule". 2015-04-20. Retrieved 2016-04-06.
- "Immunisation Calculator". Government of South Australia. Retrieved 2016-05-02.
- "Victorian immunisation catch-up tool for 10 to 19 year olds" (PDF). Western Victoria Primary Health Network. January 2016
- "Vaccination schedule tool". Retrieved 2018-07-25.
- "Immunization schedule tool". Public Health Agency of Canada. Retrieved 2015-02-01.
- "Protocole d'immunisation du Québec (PIQ) / Calendrier régulier de vaccination". Gouvernement du Québec, 2019. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
- "Les garçons désormais vaccinés contre le VPH au Québec". ICI Quebec / Radio-Canada, 1 Sept. 2016. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
- "Vaccine Scheduler| ECDC". vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa.eu. Retrieved 2019-11-07.
- "Rokotusohjelman historia – Rokottaminen – THL". Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (in Finnish). Retrieved 2019-11-07.
- "Pneumokokkikonjugaattirokote eli PCV-rokote – Rokottaminen – THL". Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (in Finnish). Retrieved 2019-11-14.
- "THL – HPV-rokotuskattavuusraportit 2016". www.thl.fi. Retrieved 2019-11-14.
- "Vaccine Schedule Quick Search". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Network. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
- Vashishtha, Vipin M.; Choudhury, Panna; Kalra, Ajay; Bose, Anuradha; Thacker, Naveen; Yewale, Vijay N.; Bansal, C. P.; Mehta, Pravin J.; Indian Academy of Pediatrics (October 2014). "Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) recommended immunization schedule for children aged 0 through 18 years—India, 2014 and updates on immunization". Indian Pediatrics. 51 (10): 785–800. doi:10.1007/s13312-014-0504-y. ISSN 0974-7559. PMID 25362009.
- "Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP)". www.iapindia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-21.
- "New Zealand Immunisation Schedule". Ministry of Health (New Zealand). Retrieved 3 July 2017.
- "Appendix 1: The history of immunisation in New Zealand". Ministry of Health. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
- "Immunization in Nigeria". Retrieved 2018-10-28.
- "Immunisation – FAQs – Will I need more boosters in the future?". Archived from the original on January 14, 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- "Immunisation – FAQs – How often will I need this vaccine?". Archived from the original on 2008-11-12. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- "Immunization Schedules". Center for Disease Control. center for disease control and prevention. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- "Immunisation – Having the vaccination – Who is the vaccine for?". Archived from the original on February 18, 2009. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- "Vaccine Information Statements: Instructions" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- "FIGURE 1: Recommended immunization schedule for persons aged 0 through 18 years" (PDF). CDC. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
- "Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule — United States, 2014" (PDF). CDC. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
- "Pregnancy and Vaccination | Vaccines for Pregnant Women | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2017-07-20. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. - "Get the Whooping Cough Vaccine While You Are Pregnant". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
- "Update on Immunization and Pregnancy Tetanus Diphtheria and Pertussis Vaccination – ACOG". www.acog.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
- "Immunization in Pregnancy and Postpartum" (PDF). May 2014.
- "Immunisation schedule". Retrieved 2013-03-22.
External links
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. "CDC National Immunization Program". (U.S.) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
- UK National Health Service. "The UK immunisation schedule". National Health Service. Retrieved 2006-11-03.
- UN World Health Organization. "Reported immunization schedule by regions/countries/antigens" (CFM). World Health Organization. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
- Vaccination Chart for Indian Babies with Prices
- Vaccine schedules in all countries of the European Union, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control