Vaccination schedule

A vaccination schedule is a series of vaccinations, including the timing of all doses, which may be either recommended or compulsory, depending on the country of residence. A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity to a disease, in order to prevent or reduce the effects of infection by any natural or "wild" pathogen.[1]

Example Polish call for vaccination against Diphtheria and Tetanus.

Many vaccines require multiple doses for maximum effectiveness, either to produce sufficient initial immune response or to boost response that fades over time. For example, tetanus vaccine boosters are often recommended every 10 years.[2] Vaccine schedules are developed by governmental agencies or physicians groups to achieve maximum effectiveness using required and recommended vaccines for a locality while minimizing the number of health care system interactions. Over the past two decades, the recommended vaccination schedule has grown rapidly and become more complicated as many new vaccines have been developed.[3]

Some vaccines are recommended only in certain areas (countries, sub national areas, or at-risk populations) where a disease is common. For instance, yellow fever vaccination is on the routine vaccine schedule of French Guiana, is recommended in certain regions of Brazil but in the United States is only given to travelers heading to countries with a history of the disease.[4] In developing countries, vaccine recommendations also take into account the level of health care access, the cost of vaccines and issues with vaccine availability and storage. Sample vaccination schedules discussed by the World Health Organization show a developed country using a schedule which extends over the first five years of a child's life and uses vaccines which cost over $700 including administration costs while a developing country uses a schedule providing vaccines in the first 9nths of life and costing only $25.[5] This difference is due to the lower cost of health care, the lower cost of many vaccines provided to developing nations, and that more expensive vaccines, often for less common diseases, are not utilized.

Worldwide

The World Health Organization monitors vaccination schedules across the world, noting what vaccines are included in each country's program, the coverage rates achieved and various auditing measures.[6] The table below shows the types of vaccines given in example countries. The WHO publishes on its website current vaccination schedules for all WHO member states.[7] Additional vaccines are given to individuals more likely to come into contact with specific diseases through work or travel (e.g. military), or after potentially infectious exposure. Examples include rabies, anthrax, cholera and smallpox.[8][9]

Vaccines used for each infection in each country
Country Required for school Required for welfare
Sources
 AfghanistanDTwPHibHepBPCVRVBCG[8]
 AlbaniaDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVRVBCG[8]
 AlgeriaDTwPHibMMRIIVPCVBCG[8]
 AndorraMMRIIVPCVHPV[8]
 AngolaDTwPHibHepBMRPCVRVBCGYF[8]
 Antigua and BarbudaDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVYF[8]
 ArgentinaYesHepADTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVRabRVBCGYF[8]
 ArmeniaHepADTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVRabRVBCG[8]
 AustraliaPreschool and daycare in NSW, VIC and WAYesHepAHepBDTaPHibMMRVIIVHPVRV[8]
 AustriaNoHepBTdapIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVRV[10][8]
 AzerbaijanDTwPHibHepBMMRPCVBCG[8]
 BahamasHepADTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVRVYF[8]
 BahrainHepADTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVCholHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 BangladeshDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVBCG[8]
 BarbadosHepADTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVBCGYF[8]
 BelarusHepBHibMMRIIVPCVBCG[8]
 BelgiumNurseries and daycareHepBDTapHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVRV[10][8]
 BelizeDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVHPVRabBCGYF[8]
 BeninDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVBCGYF[8]
 BhutanDTwPHibHepBMMRHPVBCG[8]
 BoliviaDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 Bosnia and HerzegovinaHepAHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVBCGYF[8]
 BotswanaDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 BrazilNoYesHepADTwPHibHepBMMRVIIVPCVCholHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 BruneiHepBDTapHibIPVMRIIVHPVBCG[8]
 BulgariaHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVRabRVBCG[10][8]
 Burkina FasoDTwPHibHepBMRPCVRVBCGYF[8]
 BurundiDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 Cape VerdeDTwPHibHepBMMRHPVBCGYF[8]
 CambodiaDTwPHibHepBMRHPVJEBCG[8]
 CameroonDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 CanadaIn New Brunswick and OntarioHepAHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRVIIVPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 Central African RepublicHepBHibPCVRVBCGYF[8]
 ChadDTwPHibHepBBCGYF[8]
 ChileHepADTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVBCGYF[8]
 ChinaHepAHepBDTaP JEBCG[8]
 ColombiaHepADTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVRabRVBCGYF[8]
 ComorosDTwPHibHepBPCVBCG[8]
 CongoDTwPHibHepBMRPCVRVBCGYF[8]
 Cook IslandsDTaPHibHepBMRHPVBCG[8]
 Costa RicaHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVRabRVBCG[8]
 Ivory CoastDTwPHibHepBMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 CroatiaNurseries, preschools and kindergartensHepBDTaP MMRIIVHPVBCG[10][8]
 CubaDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVBCG[8]
 CyprusHepAHepBDTapHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVBCGYF[10][8]
 Czech RepublicHepBDTapHibIPVMMRIIVHPVBCG[10][8]
 North KoreaDTwPHibHepBBCG[8]
 DR CongoDTwPHibHepBPCVRVBCGYF[8]
 DenmarkNoHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPV[10][8]
 DjiboutiHepBHibPCVRVBCG[8]
 DominicaHepBHibMMRIIVHPVBCGYF[8]
 Dominican RepublicHepBHibMMRIIVPCVHPVRabRVBCGYF[8]
 EcuadorDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 EgyptDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVBCGYF[8]
 El SalvadorDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVRVBCGYF[8]
 Equatorial GuineaDTwPHibHepBBCGYF[8]
 EritreaDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 EstoniaNoHepBDTapHibIPVMMRIIVHPVRVBCG[10][8]
 EswatiniDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 EthiopiaDTwPHibHepBPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 FijiDTwPHibHepBMRHPVRVBCG[8]
 FinlandNoHepAHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRVIIVPCVTBEHPVRVBCG[10][8]
 FranceYesHepAHepBDTaPMMRIIVPCVHPVBCGYF[10][8]
 GabonDTwPHibHepBBCGYF[8]
 GambiaDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 GeorgiaHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 GermanyNoHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRVIIVPCVHPVRV[10][8]
 GhanaHepBHibMRPCVRVBCGYF[8]
 GreeceHepAHepBDTaP MMRVIIVPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 GrenadaDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVHPVYF[8]
 GuatemalaDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 GuineaDTwPHibHepBBCGYF[8]
 Guinea-BissauDTwPHibHepBPCVRVBCGYF[8]
 GuyanaDTwPHibHepBMMRPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 HaitiDTwPHibHepBMRPCVRVBCG[8]
 HondurasHepADTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 HungaryNoHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVBCG[8]
 IcelandNoHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPV[8]
 IndiaDTwPHibHepBMRJERVBCG[8]
 IndonesiaDTwPHibHepBMRHPVJEBCG[11][8]
MMR
 IranDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVBCGYF[8]
 IraqHepAHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVRVBCG[8]
 IrelandNoHepBTDaPMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 IsraelHepAHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRVIIVPCVTBEHPVJERVBCGTFYF[8]
 ItalyNoHepADTaPHepBIPVHibMMRVIIVPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 JamaicaHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVBCGYF[8]
 JapanNoHepBDTapHibIPVMRIIVHPVJEBCG[8]
 JordanHepBHibMMRIIVRVBCG[8]
 KazakhstanHepAHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVTBERabBCG[8]
 KenyaDTwPHibHepBMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 KiribatiDTwPHibHepBMRIIVRVBCG[8]
 KuwaitHepADTwPHibHepBMMRVIIVPCVRVBCGTFYF[8]
 KyrgyzstanDTwPHibHepBMMRPCVRVBCG[8]
 LaosDTwPHibHepBMRIIVHPVJERVBCG[8]
 LatviaNoHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVTBEHPVRabRVBCG[8]
 LebanonDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCV[8]
 LesothoDTwPHibHepBMRPCVRVBCGYF[8]
 LiberiaDTwPHibHepBPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 LibyaHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 LithuaniaNoHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVRabRVBCG[8]
 LuxembourgDTaPHibIPVMMRVIIVPCVHPVRVTFYF[8]
 MadagascarDTwPHibHepBPCVRVBCG[8]
 MalawiDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 MalaysiaHepBDTaPHibIPVMRIIVHPVJEBCGYF[8]
 MaldivesDTwPHibHepBMRHPVBCGYF[8]
 MaliDTwPHibHepBPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 MaltaHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVBCG[8]
 Marshall IslandsDTaPHepBIPVMRIIVHPVRVBCG[8]
 MauritaniaDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 MauritiusHepAHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 MexicoHepAHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 F.S. MicronesiaDTaPHepBIPVMRHPVRVBCG[8]
 MonacoHepBHibMMRIIVPCVHPV[8]
 MongoliaHepADTwPHibHepBMRIIVBCG[8]
 MontenegroHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVBCG[8]
 MoroccoDTwPHibHepBMRIIVPCVRVBCG[8]
 MozambiqueDTwPHibHepBMRPCVRVBCG[8]
 MyanmarDTwPHibHepBMRJEBCG[8]
 NamibiaDTwPHibHepBMRPCVRVBCG[8]
 NauruDTwPHibHepBMRBCG[8]
 NepalDTwPHibHepBMRJEBCG[8]
 NetherlandsNoHepBDTapHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPV[8]
 New ZealandHepAHepBDTapHibIPVMRIIVHPVRVBCG[8]
 NicaraguaDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVRVBCGYF[8]
 NigerDTwPHibHepBPCVRVBCGYF[8]
 NigeriaDTwPHibHepBPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 NiueDTwPHepBIPVMRIIVRVBCG[8]
 North MacedoniaHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVHPVBCG[8]
 NorwayNoHepBDTapHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 OmanDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVBCGTFYF[8]
 PakistanDTwPHibHepBPCVRVBCG[8]
 PalauDTaPHepBIPVMRIIVHPVRV[8]
 PanamaHepAHepBDTwPHibMMRIIVPCVHPVRabRVBCGYF[8]
 Papua New GuineaDTwPHibHepBMRHPVBCG[8]
 ParaguayHepADTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 PeruDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 PhilippinesDTwPHibHepBMRIIVHPVBCG[8]
 PolandNoHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVRabBCG[8]
 PortugalNoHepAHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVRabBCGYF[8]
 QatarHepADTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVRVBCG[8]
 South KoreaHepAHepBDTaPHibIPVMRIIVHPVJEBCGTF[8]
 MoldovaDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 RomaniaNoHepAHepBDTapHibIPVMMRIIVPCVRVBCGYF[8]
 RussiaNoHepAHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 RwandaDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 Saint Kitts and NevisDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVHPVBCGYF[8]
 Saint LuciaDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVBCGYF[8]
 Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesDTwPHibHepBMMRHPVBCGYF[8]
 SamoaDTwPHibHepBMRBCG[8]
 San MarinoHepAHepBDTapHibIPVMMRIIVPCVCholHPVJERabYF[8]
 São Tomé and PríncipeDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 Saudi ArabiaHepAHepBDTaPHibMMRIIVPCVRVBCGYF[8]
 SenegalDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 SerbiaHepAHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVBCGTFYF[8]
 SeychellesDTwPHibHepBMMRPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 Sierra LeoneDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 SingaporeHepBDTaPHibIPVMRIIVHPVBCG[8]
 SlovakiaNoHepBDTapHibIPVMMRIIVPCV[8]
 SloveniaNoHepAHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVTBEHPVRabBCG[8]
 Solomon IslandsDTwPHibHepBMRHPVBCG[8]
 SomaliaDTwPHibHepBBCG[8]
 South AfricaNoHepBIIVPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 South SudanDTwPHibHepBBCG[8]
 SpainNoHepAHepBTDaPMMRVIIVPCVCholHPVJEYF[8]
 Sri LankaDTwPHibHepBMRHPVJEBCGYF[8]
 SudanDTwPHibHepBPCVRVBCG[8]
 SurinameDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVHPVRabYF[8]
 SwedenNoHepBDTapHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 SwitzerlandNoHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPV[8]
 SyriaDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVBCG[8]
 TajikistanDTwPHibHepBMRIIVRVBCG[8]
 ThailandHepBMRIIVHPVJERVBCG[8]
 East TimorDTwPHibHepBMRRVBCG[8]
 TogoDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCGYF[8]
 TongaDTwPHibHepBMRHPVRVBCG[8]
 Trinidad and TobagoDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVYF[8]
 TunisiaHepADTwPHibHepBMRIIVBCG[8]
 TurkeyHepAHepBDTaPHibIPVMMRIIVPCVBCG[8]
 TurkmenistanHepADTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 TuvaluDTwPHibHepBMRIIVBCG[8]
 UgandaDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 UkraineYesDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVBCG[8]
 United Arab EmiratesHepADTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVCholRVBCGYF[8]
 United KingdomNoHepBDTapHibIPVMMRIIVPCVHPVRabRVBCG[8]
 TanzaniaDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
 United StatesYesHepADTaPHepBIPVMMRVIIVPCVHPVRV[8]
 UruguayHepADTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVHPVBCGYF[8]
 UzbekistanDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVRVBCG[8]
 VanuatuDTwPHibHepBMRHPVBCG[8]
 VenezuelaDTwPHibHepBMMRIIVPCVRabRVBCGYF[8]
 VietnamDTwPHibHepBMRIIVJEBCG[8]
 YemenDTwPHibHepBMRPCVRVBCG[8]
 ZambiaDTwPHibHepBMRPCVRVBCG[8]
 ZimbabweDTwPHibHepBMRPCVHPVRVBCG[8]
  Mandatory to all
  Mandatory to specific people
  Recommended to all
  Recommended to specific people
  Neither mandatory nor recommended to anyone

By country

Australia

The Immunise Australia Program implements the National Immunization Program (NIP) Schedule. All vaccines available under the Australian immunization schedule are free of charge under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.[12]

Australia Vaccine Schedule: 2016[13]
Vaccine Birth Months Years
2 4 6 12 18 24 4 10-15 15-64 65+ 70-79
Hepatitis A HepA[1]
Hepatitis B HepBHepBHepBHepB[14][15]
Diphtheria DTPaDTPaDTPa[14]DTPa[14]DTPadTpa
Pertussis
Tetanus
Haemophilus influenzae HIBHIBHIBHIB[14]
Polio IPVIPVIPV[14]IPV[15]
Pneumococcus 13vPCV13vPCV13vPCV13vPCV[1]23vPPV23vPPV[2]23vPPV
13vPCV
[14]
Rotavirus RVRVRV
Measles MMRMMR[14][15]
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV[14][14]
Meningococcus MenCCV[14][15]
Human papillomavirus HPV
Flu IIV (yearly)
Shingles Zostavax
  Recommended ages for everyone.
  Recommended range of additional vaccinations for Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders.
  Recommended ages for certain other high-risk groups.
  Recommended ages for catch-up immunization or for people who lack evidence of immunity (e.g., lack documentation of vaccination or have no evidence of prior infection).

[1] 1 2 In high-risk areas.
[2] 1 50 years and older if otherwise low risk Further details at Australian Government, Department of Health website

Brazil

All recommended vaccines are provide free of charge by the public health services

Brazilian National Vaccination Schedule: 2018[16]
Infection Gestation Birth Months Years
2 3 4 5 6 9 12 15 4 5 9 11 10-59 60+
Tuberculosis BCG
Leprosy
Hepatitis A HepA
Hepatitis B HepB5V5V5V
Diphtheria DTPaDTPaDTPaDTPa
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae
Polio IPVIPVIPVOPVOPV
Pneumococcus 10v10v10v23v23v
Meningococcus MenCMenCMenC
Rotavirus RVRV
Measles MMRMMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV
Yellow fever YF
Human papillomavirus HPV x2 (girls)HPV x2 (boys)
Flu IIVIIV (yearly)IIV (yearly)

Canada

In Canada, publicly funded immunization schedules may vary from province or territory.

Alberta

Alberta Vaccine Schedule: 2015[17]
Infection Months Years
2 4 6 12 18 4 10-13 15-17 65+
Hepatitis B HepB
Diphtheria DTaPDTaPDTaPDTaPDTaPTdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIBHIBHIBHIB
Pneumococcus PneuC13PneuC13PneuC13
Polio IPVIPVIPVIPVIPV
Measles MMRVMMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Meningococcus MenCMenCMenC-ACYW
Human papillomavirus HPVHPV (boys)
Flu IIV (yearly)

British Columbia

British Columbia Vaccine Schedule: 2015[17]
Infection Months Years
2 4 6 12 18 4 10-13 15-17 65+
Hepatitis B HepBHepBHepB
Rotavirus RVRV
Diphtheria DTaPDTaPDTaPDTaPTdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIBHIBHIBHIB
Pneumococcus PneuC13PneuC13PneuC13
Polio IPVIPVIPVIPVIPV
Measles MMRMMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV
Meningococcus MenCCVMenCCV
Human papillomavirus HPV (girls)
Flu IIV (yearly)

New Brunswick

New Brunswick Vaccine Schedule: 2015[17]
Infection Birth Months Years
2 4 6 12 18 4 10-13 15-17 65+
Hepatitis B HepBHepBHepB
Diphtheria DTaPDTaPDTaPDTaPDTaPTdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIBHIBHIBHIB
Pneumococcus PneuC13PneuC13PneuC13
Polio IPVIPVIPVIPVIPV
Measles MMRVMMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Meningococcus MenCCVMenC-ACYW
Human papillomavirus HPV (girls)
Flu IIV (yearly)

Ontario

Ontario Vaccine Schedule: 2017[17]
Infection Months Years
2 4 6 12 15 18 4 10-13 15-17
Hepatitis B HepB
Rotavirus RVRV
Diphtheria DTaPDTaPDTaPDTaPDTaPTdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIBHIBHIBHIB
Pneumococcus PCV13PCV13PCV13
Polio IPVIPVIPVIPVIPV
Measles MMRVMMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV
Meningococcus MenCMenC-ACYW
Human papillomavirus HPV (girls)

Quebec

Quebec Vaccine Schedule: 2019[18][19]
Infection Months Years
2 4 6 12 18 4-6 9 14-16 Adult 50 65 75
Hepatitis A HepA
Hepatitis B HepBHepBHepBHepB
Rotavirus RVRV
Diphtheria DTaPDTaPDTaP DTaPTdapTdapTdapTdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIBHIBHIBHIB
Pneumococcus PCV10PCV10PCV10PPV23
Polio IPVIPVIPVIPVIPV
Measles MMRMMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV
Meningococcus MenCCMenCC
Human papillomavirus HPV
Flu IIVIIVIIVIIV (yearly)

Finland

Finland's Vaccination Schedule[20][21]
BirthMonthsYears
2356121834611-1214‑152565+
Tuberculosis BCG[lower-alpha 1]
Rotavirus RVRVRV
Diphtheria DTaPDTaPDTaPDTaP dTaP Td (10yearly)[lower-alpha 2]
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio IPVIPVIPVIPV
Haemophilus influenzae HIBHIBHIB
Hepatitis B HepB
Pneumococcus PCV10[22]PCV10[22]PCV10[22]PCV13 + PPSV23[22][lower-alpha 3]
Measles MMR[lower-alpha 4]MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella[lower-alpha 5] VV
Human papillomavirus HPV (girls)[23]
Flu IIV3[lower-alpha 6]IIV3
Tick-borne encephalitis TBE[lower-alpha 7]
  1. For specific at risk-groups only (to be given at the earliest age)
  2. Thereafter Td booster every 10 years with or without vaccination against poliomyelitis (IPV) in case of travel to endemic areas and when previous IPV dose was given more than 5 years before
  3. Recommended but not free of charge for those over 65 years.
  4. Vaccination can be given from 6 months of age in case of travel abroad. If vaccination starts before 12 months of age, 2 doses are recommended (14–18 months and 6 years) The temporary recommendation of giving measles at 12 months of age was made a permanent recommendation; ie. now MMR should be given from 12–18 months except if travelling abroad to measles infected countries when it can be given from 6 months on. In case MMR is given at 6–11 months, the child needs a second and third dose to complete the series.
  5. Varicella vaccination implemented from 1 September 2017. Catch-up to all those born on 1st January 2006 or after and with no history of varicella.
  6. One or two doses administered depending on previous influenza vaccination history. Annual vaccination. IIV tri-or quadrivalent used as follows: IIV3 for all those 6–35 months. IIV4 with nonpreferential alternative to all those 24–35 months. IIV3 also recommended to medical risk group children from 36 months up.
  7. TBE vaccination for to those living permanently on the island of Åland
History
1960: Mumps vaccinations for military recruits.
1975: Measles vaccination for 1 year old children.
1975: Rubella vaccination for 11–13 years old girls and seronegative mothers.
1982: Two doses of MMR vaccination at 14–18 months and 6 years of age were introduced in the national childhood vaccination programme.
2009: Rotavirus vaccine introduced at 2, 3 and 5 months to all children (September 2009)
2010: PCV introduced at 3, 5 and 12 months of age to all children (September 2010).
2013: HPV vaccination introduced
2017: Varicella vaccination introduced (1 Sept. 2017) at 18 months, 6 years + catch-up of all born from 1 jan 2006 or after with no history of varicella

France

Vaccination Schedule 2015[24]

Germany

In Germany, a vaccination schedule is developed by the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO), which operates as part of the Robert Koch Institute. The recommendations are generally adopted by the Federal Joint Committee.

German vaccine schedule (2015)

Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, Department of Health is responsible for providing free vaccinations from newborns up to primary school students.

India

In India, the standard vaccination schedule is recommended by the Indian Academy of Paediatrics(IAP).[25] The latest schedule was the one given in 2016.[26]

IAP Immunization Timetable: 2016[26]
Infection Birth Months Years
1.5 2.5 3.5 6 9 9-12 12 15 16-18 18 2 4-6 10-12
Tuberculosis BCG
Polio OPVOPVOPVOPV
Hepatitis B HepBHepBHepB
Rotavirus RVRVRV
Diphtheria DTwPDTwPDTwPDTwPDTwPTdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIBHIBHIBHIB
Pneumococcus PCVPCVPCVPCV
Polio IPVIPVIPVIPV
Measles MMRMMRMMR
Mumps
Rubella
Typhoid TCVTCV
Hepatitis A HepAHepA
Varicella VVVV
Human papillomavirus HPV (girls)

Italy

Vaccination Schedule 2015[24]

New Zealand

New Zealand Immunization Schedule: 1 July 2017[27]
Infection Gestation Months Years
1.5 3 5 15 4 11-12 45 65+
Rotavirus RVRV
Diphtheria TdapDTaPDTaPDTaPDTaPTdapTdTd
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio IPVIPVIPVIPV
Hepatitis B HepBHepBHepB
Haemophilus influenzae HIBHIBHIBHIB
Pneumococcus PCV10PCV10PCV10PCV10
Measles MMRMMR
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VVVV[lower-alpha 1]
Human papillomavirus HPV9
Flu IIVIIV (yearly)
  1. Only if the person has not previously received the varicella vaccine or had a varicella infection
History

Major additions, replacements and removals from the New Zealand Immunization Schedule include:[28]

1958 – First Schedule: DTwP and DT
1961 – Polio (OPV) added
1971 – Measles, rubella and tetanus toxoid added
1979 – Rubella changed to girls only
1988 – HepB added
1990 – MMR replaced measles and rubella
1994 – HIB added; Td replaced tetanus toxoid
1996 – DT dropped
1997 – Influenza added
2000 – DTaP replaced DTwP
2002 – IPV replaced OPV
2006 – MeNZB and Tdap added
2008 – MeNZB dropped, PCV7 added, HPV4 added for females only
2011 – PCV10 replaced PCV7
2014 – RV5 added, PCV13 replaced PCV10
2017 – HPV9 replaced HPV4 and extended to males, RV1 replaced RV5, PCV10 replaced PCV13, VV added

Nigeria

All recommended vaccines are provide free of charge by the Federal Ministry of Health.

Nigerian National Vaccination Schedule:[29]
Infection Birth Months Years
2 3 4 6 9 18 4 5
Tuberculosis BCG
Leprosy
Hepatitis B HepB5V5V5V
Diphtheria DTP
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae
Polio OPVOPVOPVOPVOPVOPV
Pneumococcus PCVPCVPCVPCV
Meningococcus MCVMCV
Yellow fever YF

Spain

Vaccination Schedule 2015[24]

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom childhood vaccination schedule is recommended by the Department of Health and National Health Service, and uses combination immunisations where available.

United Kingdom Vaccine Schedule: 2016
Infection Months Years
2 3 4 12 3-4 12-13 13-15 16–18
Diphtheria DTaPDTaPDTaPDTaPTd
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio IPVIPVIPVIPVIPV
Haemophilus influenzae HIBHIBHIBHIB
Meningococcus MenBMenBMenB/CMenACWY
Rotavirus RVRV
Pneumococcus PCVPCVPCV
Measles MMRMMR
Mumps
Rubella
Human papillomavirus HPV x2
^1. HPV for Females only 2 vaccinations over 24nths

Non-routine vaccinations

Some children may receive vaccines in addition to those listed in the table:

  • BCG vaccine is given at birth "to babies who are more likely to come into contact with Tuberculosis than the general population."
  • Hepatitis B vaccine is given at birth "to babies whose mothers are hepatitis B positive."

Adult vaccinations

The five scheduled childhood tetanus vaccinations are thought to generally confer lifelong immunity; thus, no routine booster doses are given in adulthood. Those adults at risk of contaminated cuts (e.g., gardeners) may have booster tetanus vaccination every ten years.[30] ! style=text-align:left | Pneumococcus vaccinations (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine/PPV) are recommended for those over 65 and for people without a functional spleen (asplenia), either because the spleen has been removed or does not work properly.[31] Also, current CDC guidelines recommend that if not previously vaccinated, administer PCV13 first and give PPSV23 6–12nths after, but if previously received PPSV23, administer PCV13 12+nths after [32] ! style=text-align:left | Flu vaccine is recommended for anyone who is aged 65 years and over, people with certain long-term medical conditions, health and social care professionals and poultry workers.[33]

United States

The most up-to-date schedules are available from CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. In the US, the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act requires all health-care providers to provide parents or patients with copies of Vaccine Information Statements before administering vaccines.[34]

United States Vaccine Schedule: 2014[35][36]
Infection Birth Months Years
1 2 4 6 9 12 15 18 19-23 2-3 4-6 7-10 11-12 13-18 19-26 27-59 60-64 65+
Hepatitis B HepBHepBHepBHepB x3
Rotavirus RVRV
Diphtheria DTaPDTaPDTaPDTaPDTaPTdapTd (every 10 years)
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIBHIBHIBHIBHIB x1-3
Pneumococcus PCVPCVPCVPCV PPSVPPSV
Polio IPVIPVIPVIPV
Flu IIV (yearly)IIV or LAIV (yearly)
Measles MMRMMRMMR x1-2MMR
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VVVVVV
Hepatitis A HepA x2
Meningococcus MCVMCVMCV x1+
Human papillomavirus HPV x3HPV x31
  Range of recommended ages for everyone. See references for more details.
  Range of recommended ages for certain high-risk groups. See references for more details.
  Range of recommended ages for catch-up immunization or for people who lack evidence of immunity (e.g., lack documentation of vaccination or have no evidence of prior infection). CDC provides more detailed information in catch-up immunizations.

^1. Note on HPV vaccine: Males who have not yet received 3 doses of HPV4 are generally recommended to have done so through age 21. HPV4 is recommended for men who have sex with men through age 26 years who did not get any or all doses when they were younger.

During pregnancy

The CDC recommends pregnant women receive some vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine a month or more before pregnancy. The Tdap vaccine (to help protect against whooping cough) is recommended during pregnancy. Other vaccines, like the flu shot, can be given before or during pregnancy, depending on whether or not it is flu season. Vaccination is safe right after giving birth, even while breastfeeding.[37][38][39][40]

History

In 1900, the smallpox vaccine was the only one administered to children. By the early 1950s, children routinely received three vaccines, for protection against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and smallpox, and as many as five shots by two years of age.[3] Since the mid-1980s, many vaccines have been added to the schedule. In 2009 the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended vaccination against at least fourteen diseases. By two years of age, U.S. children receive as many as 24 vaccine injections, and might receive up to five shots during one visit to the doctor.[3] The use of combination vaccine products means that, as of 2013, the United Kingdom's immunization program consists of 9 injections by the age of two, rather than 22 if vaccination for each disease was given as a separate injection.[41]

See also

References

  1. "What Is a Vaccine". NIAID. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
  2. "Tetanus: Prevention". Mayo Clinic. 2006-09-21. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
  3. "History of Vaccine Schedule | The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia". Retrieved 2010-05-04.
  4. Update on Yellow Fever in the Americas, http://www.paho.org/english/SHA/be_v21n2-yellowfever.htm, the Epidemiological Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 2, June 2000, Pan American Health Organization, accessed July 18, 2007
  5. State of the World's Vaccines and Immunizations (pdf) from the World Health Organization (2003 edition)
  6. "WHO Vaccine Preventable Diseases Monitoring System". World Health Organization. 22 December 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
  7. http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/data/en/ Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals: Data, statistics and graphics, World Health Organization (accessed August 20, 2016).
  8. "Immunization schedules by diseases". apps.who.int. Retrieved 2019-11-27.
  9. "Vaccines: VPD-VAC/List of VPDs". Retrieved 2010-06-08.
  10. "Vaccine Scheduler | ECDC". vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa.eu. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  11. "Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 Tahun 2017 Tentang Penyelanggaraan Imunisasi" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Kemenkes. 6 February 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  12. "Immunise – About the Program". Archived from the original on 2015-05-04. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
  13. "National Immunisation Program Schedule". 2015-04-20. Retrieved 2016-04-06.
  14. "Immunisation Calculator". Government of South Australia. Retrieved 2016-05-02.
  15. "Victorian immunisation catch-up tool for 10 to 19 year olds" (PDF). Western Victoria Primary Health Network. January 2016
  16. "Vaccination schedule tool". Retrieved 2018-07-25.
  17. "Immunization schedule tool". Public Health Agency of Canada. Retrieved 2015-02-01.
  18. "Protocole d'immunisation du Québec (PIQ) / Calendrier régulier de vaccination". Gouvernement du Québec, 2019. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  19. "Les garçons désormais vaccinés contre le VPH au Québec". ICI Quebec / Radio-Canada, 1 Sept. 2016. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  20. "Vaccine Scheduler| ECDC". vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa.eu. Retrieved 2019-11-07.
  21. "Rokotusohjelman historia – Rokottaminen – THL". Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (in Finnish). Retrieved 2019-11-07.
  22. "Pneumokokkikonjugaattirokote eli PCV-rokote – Rokottaminen – THL". Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (in Finnish). Retrieved 2019-11-14.
  23. "THL – HPV-rokotuskattavuusraportit 2016". www.thl.fi. Retrieved 2019-11-14.
  24. "Vaccine Schedule Quick Search". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Network. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  25. Vashishtha, Vipin M.; Choudhury, Panna; Kalra, Ajay; Bose, Anuradha; Thacker, Naveen; Yewale, Vijay N.; Bansal, C. P.; Mehta, Pravin J.; Indian Academy of Pediatrics (October 2014). "Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) recommended immunization schedule for children aged 0 through 18 years—India, 2014 and updates on immunization". Indian Pediatrics. 51 (10): 785–800. doi:10.1007/s13312-014-0504-y. ISSN 0974-7559. PMID 25362009.
  26. "Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP)". www.iapindia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-21.
  27. "New Zealand Immunisation Schedule". Ministry of Health (New Zealand). Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  28. "Appendix 1: The history of immunisation in New Zealand". Ministry of Health. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  29. "Immunization in Nigeria". Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  30. "Immunisation – FAQs – Will I need more boosters in the future?". Archived from the original on January 14, 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
  31. "Immunisation – FAQs – How often will I need this vaccine?". Archived from the original on 2008-11-12. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
  32. "Immunization Schedules". Center for Disease Control. center for disease control and prevention. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  33. "Immunisation – Having the vaccination – Who is the vaccine for?". Archived from the original on February 18, 2009. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
  34. "Vaccine Information Statements: Instructions" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-05-05.
  35. "FIGURE 1: Recommended immunization schedule for persons aged 0 through 18 years" (PDF). CDC. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
  36. "Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule — United States, 2014" (PDF). CDC. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
  37. "Pregnancy and Vaccination | Vaccines for Pregnant Women | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2017-07-20. Retrieved 2018-02-28. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  38. "Get the Whooping Cough Vaccine While You Are Pregnant". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  39. "Update on Immunization and Pregnancy Tetanus Diphtheria and Pertussis Vaccination – ACOG". www.acog.org. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  40. "Immunization in Pregnancy and Postpartum" (PDF). May 2014.
  41. "Immunisation schedule". Retrieved 2013-03-22.

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