Tunica media

The tunica media (New Latin "middle coat"), or media for short, is the middle tunica (layer) of an artery or vein.[1] It lies between the tunica intima on the inside and the tunica externa on the outside.

Tunica media
Transverse section through a small artery and vein of the mucous membrane of the epiglottis of a child. (Tunica media is at 'm')
Details
Part ofMiddle layer of wall of blood vessels
Identifiers
Latintunica media vasorum
MeSHD017540
TAA12.0.00.019
THH3.09.02.0.01007
FMA55590
Anatomical terminology

Artery

Tunica media is made up of smooth muscle cells, elastic tissue and collagen. It lies between the tunica intima on the inside and the tunica externa on the outside.

The middle coat (tunica media) is distinguished from the inner (tunica intima) by its color and by the transverse arrangement of its fibers.

  • In the smaller arteries it consists principally of smooth muscle fibers in fine bundles, arranged in lamellæ and disposed circularly around the vessel. These lamellæ vary in number according to the size of the vessel; the smallest arteries having only a single layer,[2] and those slightly larger three or four layers - up to a maximum of six layers.[3] It is to this coat that the thickness of the wall of the artery is mainly due.
  • In the larger arteries, as the iliac, femoral, and carotid, elastic fibers and collagen[3] unite to form lamellæ which alternate with the layers of smooth muscular fibers; these lamellæ are united to one another by elastic fibers which pass between the smooth muscular bundles, and are connected with the fenestrated membrane of the inner coat.
  • In the largest arteries, as the aorta[4] and brachiocephalic, the amount of elastic tissue is considerable; in these vessels a few bundles of white connective tissue also have been found in the middle coat. The muscle fiber cells are arranged in 5 to 7 layers of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle with about 50μ in length and contain well-marked, rod-shaped nuclei, which are often slightly curved.

Vein

The middle coat is composed of a thick layer of connective tissue with elastic fibers, intermixed, in some veins, with a transverse layer of muscular tissue.[5]

The white fibrous element is in considerable excess, and the elastic fibers are in much smaller proportion in the veins than in the arteries.

Additional images
  • Artery wall
  • Vein
  • Section of a medium-sized artery
  • Microphotography of arterial wall with calcified (violet colour) atherosclerotic plaque (haematoxillin & eosin stain)

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 498 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. Histology image:05102loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology: CD-ROM and Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195151732.
  2. Histology image:21103loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology: CD-ROM and Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195151732.
  3. Steve, Paxton,; Michelle, Peckham,; Adele, Knibbs (2003). "The Leeds Histology Guide". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  4. Histology image: 66_02 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center - "Aorta"
  5. Histology image:05603loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology: CD-ROM and Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195151732.
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