Tricyclic

Tricyclics are chemical compounds that contain three interconnected rings of atoms.

Dibenzazepine
Phenothiazine

Many compounds have a tricyclic structure, but in pharmacology, the term has traditionally been reserved to describe heterocyclic drugs. Among these are antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and antihistamines (as antiallergens, anti-motion sickness drugs, antipruritics, and hypnotics/sedatives) of the dibenzazepine, dibenzocycloheptene, dibenzothiazepine, dibenzothiepin, phenothiazine, and thioxanthene chemical classes, and others.

History
  • Promethazine and other first generation antihistamines with a tricyclic structure were discovered in the 1940s.
  • Chlorpromazine, derived from promethazine originally as a sedative, was found to have neuroleptic properties in the early 1950s, and was the first typical antipsychotic.
  • Imipramine, originally investigated as an antipsychotic, was discovered in the early 1950s, and was the first tricyclic antidepressant.
  • Carbamazepine was discovered in 1953, and was subsequently introduced as an anticonvulsant in 1965.
  • Antidepressants with a tetracyclic structure such as mianserin and maprotiline were first developed in the 1970s as tetracyclic antidepressants.
  • Clozapine was introduced as the first atypical antipsychotic in the 1990s.
  • Loratadine was introduced as a non-sedating second generation antihistamine in the 1990s.[1]
Antidepressants

Imipramine

Amitriptyline

Iprindole

Tianeptine

Antipsychotics

Chlorpromazine

Thioridazine

Chlorprothixene

Loxapine

Clozapine

Antihistamines

Promethazine

Cyproheptadine

Latrepirdine

Loratadine

Rupatadine

Others

Carbamazepine

Carvedilol

Cyclobenzaprine

Pizotifen

See also

References
  1. Kay, G. G.; Harris, A. G. (1999). "Loratadine: a non-sedating antihistamine. Review of its effects on cognition, psychomotor performance, mood and sedation". Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 29 Suppl 3: 147–150. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.0290s3147.x. PMID 10444229.
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