Translational medicine

Translational medicine (often referred to as translational science, of which it is a form) is defined by the European Society for Translational Medicine (EUSTM) as "an interdisciplinary branch of the biomedical field supported by three main pillars: benchside, bedside, and community".[1] The goal of TM is to combine disciplines, resources, expertise, and techniques within these pillars to promote enhancements in prevention, diagnosis, and therapies. Accordingly, translational medicine is a highly interdisciplinary field, the primary goal of which is to coalesce assets of various natures within the individual pillars in order to improve the global healthcare system significantly.[1]

History

Translational medicine is a rapidly growing discipline in biomedical research and aims to expedite the discovery of new diagnostic tools and treatments by using a multi-disciplinary, highly collaborative, "bench-to-bedside" approach.[2] Within public health, translational medicine is focused on ensuring that proven strategies for disease treatment and prevention are actually implemented within the community. One prevalent description of translational medicine, first introduced by the Institute of Medicine's Clinical Research Roundtable, highlights two roadblocks (i.e., distinct areas in need of improvement): the first translational block (T1) prevents basic research findings from being tested in a clinical setting; the second translational block (T2) prevents proven interventions from becoming standard practice.[2]

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has made a major push to fund translational medicine, especially within biomedical research, with a focus on cross-functional collaborations (e.g., between researchers and clinicians); leveraging new technology and data analysis tools; and increasing the speed at which new treatments reach patients. In December 2011, The National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) was established within the NIH to "transform the translational science process so that new treatments and cures for disease can be delivered to patients faster."[3] The Clinical and Translational Science Awards, established in 2006 and now funded by NCATS, supports 60 centers across the country that provide "academic homes for translational sciences and supporting research resources needed by local and national research communities."[4] According to an article published in 2007 in Science Career Magazine, in 2007 to 2013 the European Commission targeted a majority of its €6 billion budget for health research to further translational medicine.[5]

Training and education

In recent years, a number of educational programs have emerged to provide professional training in the skills necessary for successfully translating research into improved clinical outcomes. These programs go by various names (including Master of Translational Medicine and Master of Science in Bioinnovation). Many such programs emerge from bioengineering departments, often in collaboration with clinical departments.

Master and PhD programmes

The University of Edinburgh has been running an MSc in Translational Medicine program since 2007. It is a 3-year online distance learning programme aimed at the working health professional.[6]

Aalborg University Denmark has been running a master's degree in translational medicine since 2009.

A master's degree programme in translational medicine was started at the University of Helsinki in 2010.

In 2010, UC Berkeley and UC San Francisco used a founding grant from Andy Grove[7] to launch a joint program that became the Master of Translational Medicine.[8] The program links the Bioengineering department at Berkeley with the Bioengineering and Therapeutic Science department at UCSF to give students a one-year experience in fostering medical innovation.

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California was accredited in 2012 for a doctoral program in Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine. The PhD program focuses on biomedical and clinical research that relate directly to developing new therapies for patients.[9]

Since 2013, the Official Master in Translational Medicine-MSc[10] from the University of Barcelona[11] offers the opportunity to gain an excellent training through theoretical and practical courses.[12] Furthermore, this master is linked to the doctoral programme “Medicine and Translational Research”, with quality mention from the National Agency for the Quality Evaluation and Accreditation (ANECA).[13]

In Fall 2015, the City College of New York[14] established a master in translational medicine program.[15][16] A partnership between The Grove School of Engineering and the Sophie Davis School for Biomedical Education/CUNY School of Medicine, this program provides scientists, engineers, and pre-med students with training in product design, intellectual property, regulatory affairs, and medical ethics over 3 semesters.

University of Liverpool, King's College London, Imperial College London, University College London, Oxford and Cambridge Universities run post-graduate courses in Translational Medicine too.

The University of Manchester, Newcastle University and Queen's University Belfast also offer research-focussed Masters of Research (MRes) courses in Translational Medicine.[17]

Queen's University's School of Graduate Studies offers both an MSc and PhD program in Translational Medicine[18].

Tulane University has a PhD program in Bio-Innovation[19] to foster design and implementation of innovative biomedical technologies.

Temple University's College of Public Health offers a Master of Science in Clinical Research and Translational Medicine.[20] The program is jointly offered with the Lewis Katz School of Medicine.

Mahidol University at Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi hospital has a Master and PhD programme in Translational Medicine since 2012. Mahidol University is the first and only University in Thailand and in Southeast Asia. The most of programme lecturers are physicians and clinicians who contribute in many fields of study such as Cancer, Allergy and Immunology, Haematology, Paediatric, Rheumatology, etc. Here, the student will be directly exposed to patients. To find out the thing in between basic science and clinical application.

University of Würzburg started a Master programme in Translational Medicine in 2018.[21] It is aimed at medical students in the third or fourth year pursuing a career as a Clinician Scientist.

Diplomas and courses

Academy of Translational Medicine Professionals (ATMP) offers a regular professional certification course 'Understanding Translational Medicine Tools and Techniques''[22]

James Lind Institute has been conducting a Postgraduate Diploma in Translational Medicine since early 2013. The program has been supported by the Universiti Sains Malaysia.[23]

The University of Southern California (USC) School of Pharmacy offers a course in Translational Medicine.

International organizations

European Society for Translational Medicine (EUSTM)

The European Society for Translational Medicine (EUSTM) is a global non-profit and neutral healthcare organization whose principal objective is to enhance world-wide healthcare by using translational medicine approaches, resources and expertise.[1] The society facilitates cooperation and interaction among clinicians, scientists, academia, industry, governments, funding and regulatory agencies, investors and policy makers in order to develop and deliver high quality translational medicine programs and initiatives with overall aim to enhance the healthcare of global population. The society׳s goal is to enhance research and development of novel and affordable diagnostic tools and treatments for the clinical disorders affecting global population.[1]

The society provides an annual platform in the form of global congresses where global key opinion leaders, scientists from bench side, public health professionals, clinicians from bedside and industry professionals gather and take part in the panel discussions and scientific sessions on latest updates and developments in translational medicine field including biomarkers, omics sciences, cellular and molecular biology, data mining & management, precision medicine & companion diagnostics, disease modelling, vaccines and community healthcare.[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]

Academy of Translational Medicine Professionals (ATMP)

Academy of Translational Medicine Professionals (ATMP) is working to advance the ongoing knowledge and skills for clinicians and scientific professionals at all levels. Academy’s high quality, standard and ethical training and educational programs ensure that all clinical and scientific professionals achieve excellence in their respective fields. Programs are accredited by the European Society for Translational Medicine (EUSTM).[1]

Fellowship program (FAcadTM)

Academy of Translational Medicine Professionals (ATMP) offers fellowship program which is open to highly experienced professionals who have a record of significant achievements in benchside, bedside or community health fields.[32]

See also

References
  1. Cohrs, Randall J.; Martin, Tyler; Ghahramani, Parviz; Bidaut, Luc; Higgins, Paul J.; Shahzad, Aamir (2014). "Translational Medicine definition by the European Society for Translational Medicine". New Horizons in Translational Medicine. 2 (3): 86–88. doi:10.1016/j.nhtm.2014.12.002.
  2. Woolf, Steven H. (9 January 2008). "The Meaning of Translational Research and Why It Matters" (PDF). JAMA. 299 (2): 211–3. doi:10.1001/jama.2007.26. PMID 18182604. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2010.
  3. "About NCATS - National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences". National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences.
  4. "Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program - National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences". National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences.
  5. "European Programs Offer Translational Training". 17 August 2007.
  6. http://careers.bmj.com/careers/advice/view-article.html?id=2607"; Online learning in translational medicine
  7. http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/05/17/grove-backs-an-engineers-approach-to-medicine/?ref=technology Grove backs an engineer's approach to medicine"; New York Times blog
  8. "Master of Translational Medicine – UC Berkeley - UCSF". uctranslationalmedicine.org.
  9. "cedars-sinai".
  10. "Master in Translational Medicine-MSc - Master in Translational Medicine-MSc". www.ub.edu.
  11. ub (8 October 2009). "Universitat de Barcelona - Home". www.ub.edu.
  12. "Official Master in Translational Medicine-MSc, University of Barcelona".
  13. "Doctoral programme in Medicine, University of Barcelona".
  14. http://www.ccnymtm.org
  15. http://translationalmedicine.nyc
  16. http://www.ccnymtm.org"
  17. http://www.ncl.ac.uk/postgraduate/courses/translational-medicine-therapeutics-mres.html#profile
  18. "Queen's University Translational Medicine".
  19. "Tulane University - IGERT Bioinnovation PhD Program". tulane.edu.
  20. "Clinical Research and Translational Medicine (MS)". College of Public Health. 2015-08-06. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
  21. https://www.biologie.uni-wuerzburg.de/en/aktuelles/newsarchive/detail/news/zwei-master-fuer-den-wissenschaftlichen-nachwuchs-1/
  22. "Professional Certification Course". EUSTM. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  23. "JLI Translational Medicine".
  24. Shahzad, Aamir; Cohrs, Randall J. (2015). "Abstracts: 3rd Annual Congress of the European Society for Translational Medicine (EUSTM-2015) 1–4 September, 2015, Vienna, Austria". New Horizons in Translational Medicine. 2 (6–7): 175–194. doi:10.1016/j.nhtm.2015.12.001.
  25. "Abstracts: 5th Annual Congress of the European Society for Translational Medicine (EUSTM-2017), 20-22 October 2017, Berlin, Germany". New Horizons in Translational Medicine. 4 (1–4): 48–98. November 2017. doi:10.1016/j.nhtm.2017.11.001.
  26. Cohrs, Randall J.; Shahzad, Aamir (2016-09-20). "Abstracts: 4th Annual Congress of the European Society for Translational Medicine (EUSTM-2016) 17–20 October 2016, Prague, Czech Republic". European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine. 3 (2): 83–159. doi:10.1016/j.nhtm.2016.09.001. ISSN 2515-8260.
  27. Cohrs, Randall; Shazad, Aamir (2018-08-22). "Congress Abstracts: 2018-European Clinical Case Reports Congress (EUCCR-2018), 21–22 April 2018, Vienna, Austria". European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine. 5 (1): 51–84. doi:10.5334/ejmcm.258. ISSN 2515-8260.
  28. "5th Annual European Congress on Clinical & Translational Sciences (EUSTM-2017)".
  29. "2018 European Clinical Case Reports Congress".
  30. "6th Annual European Congress on Clinical & Translational Sciences".
  31. "3rd Annual European Clinical Conference".
  32. "Fellowship (FAcadTM)". EUSTM. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
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