Sports medicine

Sports medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness and the treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise. Although most sports teams have employed team physicians for many years, it is only since the late 20th century that sports medicine has emerged as a distinct field of health care.

Sports medicine
Orthopaedics is a large part of sports medicine, and knee injuries a common theme. Here a subject is having the anterior-posterior laxity of his knee tested.
SystemMusculoskeletal, Cardiovascular
Focus
Sports
especially athletics
Significant diseases
Significant testsMusculoskeletal tests
SpecialistSports physician
GlossaryGlossary of medicine

Scope

There are many different types of sports medicine experts. They work together as a team to ensure the best recovery plan for the individual. The team can consist of an orthopedic surgeon, sports medicine primary care physicians, sports physical therapists, and physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists.[1]

Specializing in the treatment of athletes and other physically active individuals, sports and exercise medicine (SEM) physicians have extensive education in musculoskeletal medicine. SEM doctors treat injuries such as muscle, ligament, tendon and bone problems, but may also treat chronic illnesses that can affect physical performance, such as asthma and diabetes. SEM doctors also advise on managing and preventing injuries.

SEM consultants also deliver clinical physical activity interventions, negating the burden of disease directly attributable to physical inactivity and the compelling evidence for the effectiveness of exercise in the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of disease.

Exercise medicine

The Foresight Report[2] issued by the UK's Government Office for Science, 17 October 2007, highlighted the unsustainable health and economic costs of a nation that continues to be largely sedentary. It forecasts that the incremental costs of this inactivity will be $10 billion per year by 2050 and the wider costs to society and businesses $49.9 billion. Physical inactivity inevitably leads to ill-health and it forecasts the cost of paying for this impact will be unsustainable in the future. No existing group of medical specialists is equipped with the skills and training to deal with this challenge.

Public health

SEM physicians are frequently involved in promoting the therapeutic benefits of physical activity, exercise and sport for the individuals and communities. SEM Physicians in the UK spend a period of their training in public health, and advise public health physicians on matters relating to physical activity promotion. An example of published work includes the Royal College of Physicians publications.

Common sports injuries
Main article: Sports injury

Common sports injuries that can result in seeing a sports medicine specialist are knee and shoulder injuries, fractures, ankle sprains, concussions, cartilage injuries, and more. A sports medicine specialist can also be seen for advice in other areas of health, like nutrition, exercise, supplements, and how to prevent injuries before they occur. A sports medicine specialist works to help make the performance of the athlete more advanced, as well as ensuring their safety while performing the activity [1].

Athletic trainers

Athletic trainers are part of a sports medicine team, providing primary care, injury and illness prevention, wellness promotion, emergent care, therapeutic intervention and rehabilitation to injuries.[3] When an athlete is injured, an athletic trainer is key to treatment and rehabilitation working closely with the athlete throughout rehabilitation.[4]

Organizations
  • American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Founded in 1954, the American College of Sports Medicine is the largest and most prominent sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world. ACSM has more than 45,000 International, National and Regional Chapter members.[5]
  • Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine (CASEM) The Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine is the national medical specialty society for sport medicine physicians in Canada. The Academy is open for membership to medical doctors (MD) within Canada and internationally. Founded in 1970, the Academy serves as a means to ensure its members are kept up to date with current medical practices in sport medicine. The Diploma of Sport and Exercise Medicine (DipSportMed) developed by CASEM, is a recognized credential for sport medicine physicians in Canada. The Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, founded by CASEM, is a peer reviewed sport medicine journal, now published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) The American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine is a world leader in sports medicine education, research, communication, and fellowship. Founded in 1972, AOSSM is an international organization of orthopaedic surgeons and other allied health professionals dedicated to sports medicine. Essentially every professional and collegiate team has a team physician who is a member of the AOSSM.[6]
  • American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) AMSSM is a multi-disciplinary organization of sports medicine physicians dedicated to education, research, advocacy and the care of athletes of all ages. The majority of AMSSM members are primary care physicians with fellowship training and added qualification in sports medicine who then combine their practice of sports medicine with their primary specialty. AMSSM includes members who specialize solely in non-surgical sports medicine and serve as team physicians at the youth level, NCAA, NFL, MLB, NBA, WNBA, MLS and NHL, as well as with Olympic teams. By nature of their training and experience, sports medicine physicians are ideally suited to provide comprehensive medical care for athletes, sports teams or active individuals who are simply looking to maintain a healthy lifestyle.[7]
  • National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Founded in 1950, the mission of the National Athletic Trainers Association is to represent, engage and foster the continued growth and development of the athletic training profession and athletic trainers as unique health care providers.
  • Canadian Athletic Therapists' Association (CATA) Founded in 1965.[8] The Canadian Athletic Therapists Association (CATA) is an organization devoted to the comprehensive health care of an individual at any level of physical ability by Certified Athletic Therapists.
  • American Medical Association (AMA) The American Medical Association recognized Athletic Training(AT) as an allied health profession in 1990.
  • International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Sports Medicine (ISAKOS) The ISAKOS - International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine is an international society with over 4,000 surgeons members, dedicated to advancing of education, research and patient care in arthroscopy, knee surgery and orthopaedic sports medicine around the world.
  • International Association for Dance Medicine and Science (IADMS) The International Association for Dance Medicine & Science was formed in 1990 by an international group of dance medicine practitioners, dance educators, dance scientists, and dancers. Membership is drawn equally from the medical and dance professions, and has grown from an initial 48 members in 1991 to over 900 members at present worldwide, representing 35 countries.

History

Sports medicine, is an ancient practice that became a known thing in 1855. During this time we started to realize the importance of diet and taking the proper vitamins. In 1870 metabolism and heat exchange during exercise was introduced. In 1982 there were specific degrees that universities started to offer for the development of the field.[9] In 1995 sports teams started employing team doctors and medical professionals. In recent years Western society has increasingly recognized the dangers of physical inactivity, and significant efforts have been made within the public health community to encourage the nation to become more physically active. To reflect this paradigm shift BASM has renamed itself BASEM (British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine) and the speciality itself has rebranded from Sports Medicine to Sport & Exercise Medicine.[1] Many western European countries and the United States during the mid 1900”s began to recognize sports medicine as a formal practice. This was shown with the formation of The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) in 1954 (Heggie 186). Since 2007 several deaneries across the UK have established training programmes in SEM, and recurrent funding for 50 National Training Numbers (NTN's) is available.[10]

See also

References
  1. "default - Stanford Children's Health". www.stanfordchildrens.org. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  2. Government Office for Science – GOV.UK. Foresight.gov.uk. Retrieved on 2016-10-06.
  3. "Athletic Training". National Athletic Trainers' Association. 19 March 2015.
  4. Lee Witbeck (3 November 2010). "Trainers and athletes build relationships for rehabilitation". Daily Bruin, UCLA.
  5. "Why ACSM?". American College of Sports Medicine. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  6. Inc., Advanced Solutions International. "Our Mission". www.sportsmed.org. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  7. "ABOUT AMSSM". www.amssm.org. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  8. De Conde, C. (1990). The CATA – A Historical Perspective. The Journal of the Canadian Athletic Therapists' Association, 6–10.
  9. "The Origins of Sports Medicine". Aspetar.
  10. Heggie. "A History of British Sports Medicine".

Further reading
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