Renal pelvis

The renal pelvis or pelvis of the kidney is the funnel-like dilated part of the ureter in the kidney. In humans, the renal pelvis is the point where the two or three major calyces join together. It has a mucous membrane and is covered with transitional epithelium and an underlying lamina propria of loose-to-dense connective tissue.

Renal pelvis
Cross-section of the kidney, with major structures labelled. The renal pelvis, located in the middle of the image, collects urine from the urinary calices.
An image showing just the pelvis and calices of the kidneys, with the rest of the kidney removed, from a dissected cow and seal specimen. These vary greatly in size and number depending on species.
Details
PrecursorUreteric bud
SystemUrinary system
Identifiers
Latinpelvis renalis
MeSHD007682
TAA08.1.05.001
FMA15575
Anatomical terminology

The renal pelvis functions as a funnel for urine flowing to the ureter.

The renal pelvis is the location of several kinds of kidney cancer and is affected by infection in pyelonephritis.

Clinical significance

The renal pelvis is the location of several kinds of kidney cancer and is affected by infection in pyelonephritis. A large "staghorn" kidney stone may block all or part of the renal pelvis.

The size of the renal pelvis plays a major role in the grading of hydronephrosis. Normally, the anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis is less than 4 mm in fetuses up to 32 weeks of gestational age and 7 mm afterwards.[1] In adults, 13% of the normal population have a transverse pelvic diameter of over 10 mm.[2]

Etymology and pronunciation

Like the bony pelvis, the renal pelvis (/ˈriːnəl ˈpɛlvɪs/) gets its English name via New Latin from the older Latin word pelvis, "basin", as in "wash basin".[3] In both cases the name reflects the shape of the structure, and in the case of the renal pelvis, it also reflects the function. The name reflects that each renal pelvis collects urine from the calyces and funnels it into the ureter like a wash basin collects water and funnels it into a drain pipe. The renal pelvis is occasionally called the pyelum (from Greek πύελος pýelos, "trough", ‘anything hollow’), and the combining form pyelo- denotes the renal pelvis (pyelo- is not to be confused with pyo-). The words infundibulum and choana are other words for funnel-shaped cavities (which medical English got from the Latin and Greek words for "funnel", respectively), and the renal pelvis is sometimes called the renal infundibulum. The form *renal choana is logical but is not used.

Additional images
  • Depiction of the developing renal pelvis.
  • Cutaway section of a preserved human kidney

See also

References
  1. Page 189 in: V. D'Addario (2014). Donald School Basic Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology. JP Medical Ltd. ISBN 9789351523376.
  2. Emamian SA, Nielsen MB, Pedersen JF, Ytte L (1993). "Sonographic evaluation of renal appearance in 665 adult volunteers. Correlation with age and obesity". Acta Radiol. 34 (5): 482–5. doi:10.3109/02841859309175388. PMID 8369185.
  3. Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, Merriam-Webster.
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