Psychrobacter

Psychrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, osmotolerant, oxidase-positive, psychrophilic or psychrotolerant, aerobic bacteria which belong to the family Moraxellaceae and the class Gammaproteobacteria.[1][2][3][4] The shape is typically cocci or coccobacilli.[5] Some of those bacteria were isolated from humans and can cause humans infections such as endocarditis and peritonitis.[6][7] This genus of bacteria is able to grow at temperatures between −10 and 42 °C.[8] Rudi Rossau found through DNA-rRNA hybridization analysis that Psychrobacter belongs to the Moraxellaceae.[9] The first species (Psychrobacter immobilis) was described by Juni and Heym.[10] Psychrobacter occur in wide range of moist, cold saline habitats,[8][11] but they also occur in warm and slightly saline habitats.[4][12]

Psychrobacter
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Pseudomonadales
Family: Moraxellaceae
Genus: Psychrobacter
Juni and Heym 1986[1]
Type species
Psychrobacter immobilis
Species

See text.

Hypoacylated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Psychrobacter cryohalolentis and Psychrobacter arcticus induces moderate TLR4-mediated inflammatory response in macrophages and such LPS bioactivity may potentially result in the failure of local and systemic bacterial clearance in patients.[13]

Species include:[1]

References
  1. Parte, A.C. "Psychrobacter". www.bacterio.net.
  2. Maruyama, A.; Honda, D.; Yamamoto, H.; Kitamura, K.; Higashihara, T. (2000). "Phylogenetic analysis of psychrophilic bacteria isolated from the Japan Trench, including a description of the deep-sea species Psychrobacter pacificensis sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 50 (2): 835–46. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-2-835. PMID 10758895.
  3. Bozal, N. (2003). "Characterization of several Psychrobacter strains isolated from Antarctic environments and description of Psychrobacter luti sp. nov. And Psychrobacter fozii sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 53 (4): 1093–1100. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02457-0. PMID 12892132.
  4. Bowman, J. P. (2006). "The Genus Psychrobacter". The Prokaryotes. pp. 920–930. doi:10.1007/0-387-30746-X_35. ISBN 978-0-387-25496-8.
  5. Psychrobacter immobilis isolated from foods: characteristics and identification Vet. Med. - Czech, 46, 2001 (4):95-100
  6. Elmer W. Koneman (11 January 2005). Koneman's Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology (6 ed.). Lippencott Williams & Wil. ISBN 0781730147.
  7. ATCC
  8. Kim, S. J.; Shin, S. C.; Hong, S. G.; Lee, Y. M.; Choi, I. -G.; Park, H. (2012). "Genome Sequence of a Novel Member of the Genus Psychrobacter Isolated from Antarctic Soil". Journal of Bacteriology. 194 (9): 2403. doi:10.1128/JB.00234-12. PMC 3347060. PMID 22493207.
  9. Romanenko, L. A. (2002). "Psychrobacter submarinus sp. nov. And Psychrobacter marincola sp. nov., psychrophilic halophiles from marine environments". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 52 (4): 1291–1297. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02087-0. PMID 12148642.
  10. Juni, E.; Heym, G. A. (1986). "Psychrobacter immobilis gen. nov., sp. nov.: Genospecies Composed of Gram-Negative, Aerobic, Oxidase-Positive Coccobacilli". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 36 (3): 388. doi:10.1099/00207713-36-3-388.
  11. Martin Dworkin; Stanley Falkow; Eugene Rosenberg; Karl-Heinz Schleifer; Erko Stackebrandt (2006-09-28). The Prokaryotes: Proteobacteria: Gamma Subclass: A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria Vol. 6 (3 ed.). Springer. ISBN 038725496X.
  12. Koki Horikoshi; Garabed Antranikian; Alan T. Bull; Frank T. Robb; Karl O. Stetter (2011). Extremophiles Handbook Vol. 1. Springer. ISBN 4431538976.
  13. Korneev, KV; Kondakova, AN; Arbatsky, NP; Novototskaya-Vlasova, KA; Rivkina, EM; Anisimov, AP; Kruglov, AA; Kuprash, DV; Nedospasov, SA; Knirel, YA; Drutskaya, MS (December 2014). "Distinct biological activity of lipopolysaccharides with different lipid A acylation status from mutant strains of Yersinia pestis and some members of genus Psychrobacter". Biochemistry. Biokhimiia. 79 (12): 1333–8. doi:10.1134/S0006297914120062. PMID 25716726.

Further reading
  • Kim, S. J.; Shin, S. C.; Hong, S. G.; Lee, Y. M.; Choi, I. -G.; Park, H. (2012). "Genome Sequence of a Novel Member of the Genus Psychrobacter Isolated from Antarctic Soil". Journal of Bacteriology. 194 (9): 2403. doi:10.1128/JB.00234-12. PMC 3347060. PMID 22493207.
  • Azevedo, J. S. N.; Correia, A. N.; Henriques, I. (2013). "Molecular analysis of the diversity of genusPsychrobacterpresent within a temperate estuary". FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 84 (3): 451–460. doi:10.1111/1574-6941.12075. PMID 23330979.
  • Koki Horikoshi; Garabed Antranikian; Alan T. Bull; Frank T. Robb; Karl O. Stetter (2011). Extremophiles Handbook Vol. 1. Springer. ISBN 4431538976.
  • George Garrity; Don J. Brenner; Noel R. Krieg; James R. Staley (2005-06-16). Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume 2: The Proteobacteria, Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria (2 ed.). Springer. ISBN 0387241442.
  • Isao Yumoto (2013-08-13). Cold-Adapted Microorganisms. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 1908230266.
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