Proglucagon

Proglucagon is a protein that is cleaved from preproglucagon. Preproglucagon in humans is encoded by the GCG gene.[3][4]

GCG
Available structures PDB Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1BH0, 1NAU, 2G49, 2M5P, 2M5Q,%%s4ZGM, 4APD, 3IOL, 1D0R,%%s2L64, 2L63
Identifiers
Aliases	GCG, GLP1, glucagon, GRPP, GLP-1, GLP2
External IDs	OMIM: 138030 HomoloGene: 136497 GeneCards: GCG
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human)[1] Band 2q24.2 Start 162,142,882 bp[1] End 162,152,404 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein binding • identical protein binding • hormone activity • glucagon receptor binding • receptor binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • endoplasmic reticulum lumen • extracellular region • secretory granule lumen • extracellular space Biological process • negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • regulation of insulin secretion • cellular response to glucagon stimulus • positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation • positive regulation of calcium ion import • positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation • positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation • feeding behavior • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade • positive regulation of protein binding • cell proliferation • positive regulation of gluconeogenesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • signal transduction • positive regulation of protein kinase activity • adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • protein kinase A signaling • positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus • response to starvation • negative regulation of apoptotic process • regulation of receptor activity • adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2641	n/a
Ensembl	ENSG00000115263	n/a
UniProt	P01275	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_002054	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	NP_002045	n/a
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 162.14 – 162.15 Mb	n/a
PubMed search	[2]	n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Proglucagon is a precursor of glucagon, and several other components. It is generated in the alpha cells of the pancreas and in the intestinal L cells in the distal ileum and colon. It is also cleaved into the following components in different organs:

• Signal peptide (1-20) – removed from preproglucagon to from proglucagon
• Glicentin (21–89)
• Glicentin-related pancreatic polypeptide (GRPP, 21-50)
• Oxyntomodulin (OXY or OXM, 53–89)
• Glucagon (53–81)
• Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1, 92–128) – first seven residues further cleaved
• Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2, 146–178)

Proglucagon itself is a protein with three repeats of slightly different secretin family hormones to be cleaved to form mature hormones.[5]