Hypertrophy

Hypertrophy (/haɪˈpɜːrtrəfi/, from Greek ὑπέρ "excess" + τροφή "nourishment") is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.[1] It is distinguished from hyperplasia, in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number.[2] Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the hormonally-induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the uterus during pregnancy.

Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy results from an increase in cell size, whereas hyperplasia stems from an increase in cell number

Eccentric hypertrophy is a type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall size and volume are enlarged. It is applied especially to the left ventricle of heart.[3] Sarcomeres are added in series, as for example in dilated cardiomyopathy (in contrast to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a type of concentric hypertrophy, where sarcomeres are added in parallel).

Forensic post-mortem examination of a case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, showing thickening of the cardiac muscle.
-plasia and -trophy
  • Anaplasia (structural differentiation loss within a cell or group of cells).
  • Aplasia (organ or part of organ missing)
  • Desmoplasia (connective tissue growth)
  • Dysplasia (change in cell or tissue phenotype)
  • Hyperplasia (proliferation of cells)
  • Hypoplasia (congenital below-average number of cells, especially when inadequate)
  • Metaplasia (conversion in cell type)
  • Neoplasia (abnormal proliferation)
  • Prosoplasia (development of new cell function)
  • Abiotrophy (loss in vitality of organ or tissue)
  • Atrophy (reduced functionality of an organ, with decrease in the number or volume of cells)
  • Hypertrophy (increase in the volume of cells)
  • Hypotrophy (decrease in the volume of cells)
  • Dystrophy (any degenerative disorder resulting from improper or faulty nutrition)

See also

References
  1. Hernandez, Richard; Kravitz, Len. "Skeletal muscle hypertrophy". www.unm.edu.
  2. Updated by Linda J. Vorvick. 8/14/15.Hyperplasia
  3. Kusumoto, F. M. (2004), Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Hayes Barton Press, pp. 20–22, ISBN 978-1-59377-189-8
Classification
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