Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examinations

The Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examinations (NPLEX) are professional licensing exams administered by the North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners (NABNE). Graduates of naturopathic programs accredited by the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education (CNME) are required to pass the exams before being permitted to practice naturopathic medicine in a U.S. state or Canadian province that licenses naturopaths.[1] (Some naturopaths who graduated prior to the advent of the NPLEX were licensed by examinations administered by state licensing boards.)[2]

Cover of the 2009 NPLEX Study Guide.

There are concerns that the NPLEX does not test naturopathic examinees on the knowledge necessary for the practice of primary care medicine.[3][4][5][6][7] However, naturopathic advocates claim that the NPLEX is equivalent to other standard medical licensing examinations, such as the USMLE and COMLEX-USA,[3][8] but this has not been established by independent analysts due to the exam being withheld from external review.[3] Unlike the USMLE and COMLEX-USA, the NPLEX is exclusively a written, multiple-choice exam and, therefore, does not contain sections to test clinical skills on modeled patients.[7]

Performance and quality
Clinical case and questions illustrating the use of homeopathic products to treat an eight-year-old child in respiratory distress with tachypnea and gasping respiration, from 2009 NPLEX official study guide.

Very little is known about the NPLEX exam, and it has been called a mystery by those outside the naturopathic community.[3][4] No external review has been conducted on the NPLEX to assess whether examinees can safely and effectively diagnose and treat disease using established medical standards.[5] The exam has been criticized by David Gorski for testing knowledge of homeopathy, whilst serving as a legitimate certifying examination of alleged medical professionals.[6]

One section of this official study guide explains a clinical scenario of an after hours phone call to a naturopathic practitioner from a frantic mother with a child who has a severe cough and is gasping for air; the following example questions do not recommend that the mother take the child to the emergency department per the medical standard of care[9] but rather test on what homeopathic remedy should be administered.[10]

In 2005, the Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies concluded that "there is little generalizable evidence that the NPLEX Part II clinical licensing examinations actually measure clinical competence" associated with the naturopathic profession.[7] The report notes that NABNE, the exam administrator, claims that other testing formats that would better evaluate clinical skills, such as using standardized patients, are not feasible.[7] In 2014, sample questions from the NPLEX Blue Print and Study Guide published by NABNE were entered into the public record of the Colorado state legislature.[11]

Part I

Part I is a biomedical sciences examination which consists of 200 multiple-choice questions.[12] Eligibility for the exam requires completion of biomedical sciences coursework at a CNME-approved naturopathic medicine program.[13] The exam is stated to cover the following topics: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Pathology, and Physiology.

Part II

Part II is a three-day, examination of naturopathic clinical sciences; it includes 3 main sections and 2 electives, organized in clinical cases with several multiple-choice questions about each case.[12] The exam is stated to cover the following topics:

Clinical Elective Sections (for certificate or licensure in some U.S. states)

  • Acupuncture
  • Minor Surgery
  • Pharmacology (as of August 2017)

Locations

Both the Part I and Part II examinations are offered twice a year in nine locations in North America:[14][15]

  • Toronto, Ontario
  • Vancouver, British Columbia
  • Seattle, Washington
  • Portland, Oregon
  • Mesa, Arizona
  • Lombard, Illinois
  • Stratford, Connecticut
  • San Diego, CA[16]
  • Gurabo, Puerto Rico[16]

See also

References
  1. Cherkin, Daniel C.; Deyo, Richard A.; Sherman, Karen J.; Hart, L. Gary; Street, Janet H.; Hrbek, Andrea; Cramer, Elaine; Milliman, Bruce; Booker, Jennifer; Mootz, Robert; Barassi, James; Khan, Janet R.; Kaptchuk, Ted J.; Eisenberg, David M. (2002). "Characteristics of Licensed Acupuncturists, Chiropractors, Massage Therapists, and Naturopathic Physicians". Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. 15 (5): 378–390.
  2. Arizona Auditor General (June 2000). Performance Audit Arizona Naturopathic Physicians Board of Medical Examiners (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  3. Atwood IV, Kimball. C. (March 26, 2004). "Naturopathy, pseudoscience, and medicine: Myths and fallacies vs truth". Medscape General Medicine. 6 (1): 33. PMC 1140750. PMID 15208545.
  4. "MMS Testimony in Opposition to H. 1992 and S. 1205, An Act to Create a Board of Registration in Naturopathy". Massachusetts Medical Society. Massachusetts Medical Society. Retrieved March 2016. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  5. Society for Science-Based Medicine (2014). Report to the Maryland Board of Physicians Naturopathic Advisory Committee: Recommendations for Naturopathic Regulation (Report). Retrieved 2015. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  6. Gorski, David (21 February 2011). "Naturopathy and Science". ScienceBasedMedicine.org. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  7. Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies Office of Policy, Research and Regulatory Reform (October 2005). 2005 Sunrise Review: Naturopathic Physicians (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  8. Fleming, Sara A.; Gutknecht, Nancy C. (March 2010). "Naturopathy and the Primary Care Practice". Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice. 37 (1): 119–136. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2009.09.002. PMC 2883816. PMID 20189002.
  9. Hermes, Britt Marie (22 May 2016). "Naturopaths have weaseled their way into the health care system, and they want more". KevinMD. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  10. Senapathy, Kavin (31 May 2016). "Why Is Big Naturopathy Afraid Of This Lone Whistleblower?". Forbes. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  11. "BILL SUMMARY for HB15-1075" (PDF). CLICS Committee Summary Database. Colorado Senate Committee on Health and Human Services. Retrieved 2015. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  12. "NPLEX Examination Overview". North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners. Retrieved August 2015. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  13. "Eligibility Requirements". North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners. North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners. Retrieved Aug 2015. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  14. "Test Sites". North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners website. Retrieved 2018-12-19.
  15. "Test Sites". North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners website. Retrieved 2018-12-19.
  16. "Test Sites | NABNE". Retrieved 2018-12-19.
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