Myeloma cast nephropathy

Myeloma cast nephropathy, also referred to as light-chain cast nephropathy, is the formation of plugs (urinary casts) in the renal tubules from free immunoglobulin light chains leading to renal failure in the context of multiple myeloma. It is the most common cause of kidney injury in myeloma.[1]

Myeloma cast nephropathy
Other namesCast nephropathy
Micrograph of myeloma cast nephropathy. Myelomatous casts are PAS negative (left of image). Hyaline casts are PAS positive (right of image). PAS stain. Kidney biopsy.
SpecialtyNephrology

In myeloma cast nephropathy, filtered Îș or λ light chains that bind to Tamm-Horsfall protein precipitate in the renal tubule. Hypercalcemia and low fluid intake contribute to the development of casts.[2]

Myeloma cast nephropathy is considered to be a medical emergency because if untreated, it leads to irreversible renal failure.[1]

It is diagnosed by histological examination of kidney biopsy.[1]

See also

References
  1. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology (6 ed.). Elsevier. 2019. pp. 767–775.
  2. Pocket Companion to Brenner and Rector's The Kidney (8 ed.). Elsevier. 2010. pp. 250–284.
Classification
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