Mycobacterium terrae

Mycobacterium terrae is a slow-growing species of Mycobacterium.[1] It is an ungrouped member of the third Runyon (nonchromatogenic mycobacteria). It is known to cause serious skin infections, which are "relatively resistant to antibiotic therapy".[2]

Mycobacterium terrae
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Actinobacteria
Order:
Actinomycetales
Family:
Mycobacteriaceae
Genus:
Mycobacterium
Species:
M. terrae
Binomial name
Mycobacterium terrae

Discovery

Richmond and Cummings were the first to isolate Mycobacterium terrae, which they described as "an acid‐fast saprophyte".[3] It is sometimes called the “radish bacillus", because it was isolated from radish water.

Pathology

This bacterium was originally injected into guinea pigs, and did not cause apparent illness, leading to the misconception that this strain was nonpathogenic. In reality, however, infection by this organism can cause disease of the joints, tendons, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract.[2] In humans, symptoms of infection include swelling, lesions, and inflammation, and may mimic the symptoms of osteoarthritis.[2]

Uses

This bacterium is used to study effectiveness of disinfection processes for reusable medical instruments.

Mycobacterium terrae is used during validations of reprocessing procedures of surgical instruments, more specifically as a test organism in determining disinfection efficiency. In order to establish a microbial count the extraction media is filtered and the filters are then placed onto agar plates for an incubation of up to 21 days at 37°± 2 °C. At the end of the incubation period the number of colony forming units are counted. This count is used to calculate the log reduction to determine disinfection efficiency. The Association For The Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) Technical Information Report TIR30 lists acceptance criteria for this test.

References
  1. Bohrerova, Z.; Linden, K.G. (November 2006). "Assessment of DNA damage and repair in Mycobacterium terrae after exposure to UV irradiation". J. Appl. Microbiol. 101 (5): 995–1001. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03023.x. PMID 17040222.
  2. Smith, D. Scott; Lindholm-Levy, Pamela; Huitt, Gwen A.; Heifets, Leonid B.; Cook, James L. (2000). "Mycobacterium terrae: Case Reports, Literature Review, and in vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing". Clinical Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press. 30 (3): 444–53. doi:10.1086/313693. ISSN 1058-4838. JSTOR 4461065. PMID 10722426.
  3. Richmond, L.; Cummings, MM. (1950). "An evaluation of methods of testing the virulence of acid-fast bacilli". American Review of Tuberculosis. 62 (6): 632–7. ISSN 1535-4970. PMID 14799779.
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