Mycobacterium avium complex

Mycobacterium avium complex is a group of mycobacteria comprising Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium avium (No mention of M. chimera in ref) that are commonly grouped together because they infect humans together; this group, in turn, is part of the group of nontuberculous mycobacteria. These bacteria cause disease in humans called Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection or Mycobacterium avium complex infection.[2] This group should not be confused with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.

Mycobacterium avium complex
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Order:
Suborder:
Family:
Genus:
Species complex:
Mycobacterium avium complex
Binomial name
Mycobacterium intracellulare
Runyon 1965,[1] ATCC 13950
Mycobacterium avium
Chester 1901 emend. Thorel et al. 1990

Description

In the Runyon classification, all three are nonchromogens. They can be differentiated from M. tuberculosis and each other by commercially available DNA probes.[3]:245

They are characterized as Gram-positive, nonmotile, acid-fast, short to long rods.

Colony characteristics

  • Usually, colonies are smooth, rarely rough, and not pigmented colonies. Older colonies may become yellow.

Physiology

Differential characteristics

  • M. intracellulare and M. avium form the M. avium complex (MAC).
  • Remarkable ITS heterogeneity is seen within different M. intracellulare isolates.

Type strains

M. intracellulare type strains include ATCC 13950, CCUG 28005, CIP 104243, DSM 43223, JCM 6384, and NCTC 13025.[5]

M. avium type strains include ATCC 25291, DSM 44156, and TMC 724.[6]

Human health

MAC infection can cause chronic pulmonary disease and lymphadenitis, and can cause disseminated disease, especially in people with immunodeficiency.[3]:245

History

In 2004, Tortoli et al. proposed the name M. chimaera for strains that a reverse hybridization–based line probe assay suggested belonged to MAIS (M. avium–M. intracellulare–M. scrofulaceum group), but were different from M. avium, M. intracellulare, or M. scrofulaceum. The new species name comes from the Chimera, a mythological being made up of parts of three different animals.[7][8]

References

  1. Runyon, E. 1965. Pathogenic mycobacteria. Advances in Tuberculosis Research, 14, 235-287.
  2. "Mycobacterium Avium Complex. MAI; MAC Information". Patient Info. 29 August 2014.
  3. Jones-Lopez, Edward C.; Ellner, Jerrold J. (2011). "Chapter 35: Tuberculosis and Atypical Mycobacterial Infections". In Guerrant, Richard L.; Walker, David H.; Weller, Peter F. (eds.). Tropical infectious diseases : principles, pathogens, & practice (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders. ISBN 9780702039355.
  4. Haworth CS, Banks J, Capstick T, Fisher AJ, Gorsuch T, Laurenson IF, Leitch A, Loebinger MR, Milburn HJ, Nightingale M, Ormerod P, Shingadia D, Smith D, Whitehead N, Wilson R, Floto RA (November 2017). "British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD)". Thorax. 72 (Suppl 2): ii1–ii64. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210927. PMID 29054853.
  5. Type strain of Mycobacterium intracellulare at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
  6. Type strain of Mycobacterium avium at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
  7. Henry, Ronnie (March 2017). "Etymologia: Mycobacterium chimaera". Emerg Infect Dis. 23 (3): 499. doi:10.3201/eid2303.ET2303. PMC 5382748. Citing public domain text from the CDC.
  8. Tortoli, E; Rindi, L; Garcia, MJ; Chiaradonna, P; Dei, R; Garzelli, C; Kroppenstedt, RM; Lari, N; Mattei, R; Mariottini, A; Mazzarelli, G; Murcia, MI; Nanetti, A; Piccoli, P; Scarparo, C (July 2004). "Proposal to elevate the genetic variant MAC-A, included in the Mycobacterium avium complex, to species rank as Mycobacterium chimaera sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54 (Pt 4): 1277–85. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02777-0. PMID 15280303.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.