Marburgvirus

The genus Marburgvirus is the taxonomic home of one species, Marburg marburgvirus, whose members are the two known marburgviruses, Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV). Both viruses cause Marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever,[1] and both are Select agents,[2] World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogens (requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment),[3] National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogens,[4] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agents,[5] and are listed as a Biological Agents for Export Control by the Australia Group.[6]

Marburgvirus
Negative stained TEM depicts a number of filamentous Marburg virions, which had been cultured on Vero cell cultures. Note the virus’s morphologic appearance with its characteristic 'Shepherd's crook' shape; Magnified approximately 100,000×
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Monjiviricetes
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Filoviridae
Genus: Marburgvirus
Type species
Marburg marburgvirus
Species and member viruses

Use of term

The genus Marburgvirus is a virological taxon (i.e. a man-made concept) included in the family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales.[7] The genus currently includes a single virus species, Marburg marburgvirus.[7] The members of the genus (i.e. the actual physical entities) are called marburgviruses.[7] The name Marburgvirus is derived from the city of Marburg in Hesse, West Germany (where Marburg virus was first discovered) and the taxonomic suffix -virus (which denotes a virus genus).[7]

Note

Marburgvirus is pronounced /ˌmɑːrbərɡˈvrəs/ MAR-bərg-VY-rəs.[7] According to the rules for taxon naming established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the name Marburgvirus is always to be capitalized, italicized, never abbreviated, and to be preceded by the word "genus". The names of its members (marburgviruses) are to be written in lower case, are not italicized, and used without articles.[7]

Previous designations

Until 1998, the family Filoviridae contained only one genus, Filovirus.[8] Once it became clear that marburgviruses and ebolaviruses are fundamentally different, this genus was abolished and a genus "Marburg-like viruses" was established for marburgviruses.[9][10] In 2002, the genus name was changed to Marburgvirus,[11][12] and in 2010 and 2011 the genus was emended.[7][13]

Genus inclusion criteria

A virus that fulfills the criteria for being a member of the family Filoviridae is a member of the genus Marburgvirus if[7][13]

  • its genome has one gene overlap
  • its fourth gene (GP) encodes only one protein (GP1,2) and cotranscriptional editing is not necessary for its expression
  • peak infectivity of its virions is association with particles ≈665 nm in length
  • its genome differs from that of Marburg virus by <50% at the nucleotide level
  • its virions show almost no antigenic cross reactivity with ebolavirions

Genus organization

Genus Marburgvirus (family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales): species and viruses
Species name Virus name (abbreviation)
Marburg marburgvirus* Marburg virus (MARV)
Ravn virus (RAVV)

Table legend: "*" denotes type species.

References

  1. Spickler, Anna. "Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Infections" (PDF).
  2. US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "National Select Agent Registry (NSAR)". Retrieved 2011-10-16.
  3. US Department of Health and Human Services. "Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) 5th Edition". Retrieved 2011-10-16.
  4. US National Institutes of Health (NIH), US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). "Biodefense – NIAID Category A, B, and C Priority Pathogens". Archived from the original on 2011-10-22. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
  5. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Bioterrorism Agents/Diseases". Archived from the original on 2014-07-22. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
  6. The Australia Group. "List of Biological Agents for Export Control". Archived from the original on 2011-08-06. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
  7. Kuhn, J. H.; Becker, S.; Ebihara, H.; Geisbert, T. W.; Johnson, K. M.; Kawaoka, Y.; Lipkin, W. I.; Negredo, A. I.; Netesov, S. V.; Nichol, S. T.; Palacios, G.; Peters, C. J.; Tenorio, A.; Volchkov, V. E.; Jahrling, P. B. (2010). "Proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family Filoviridae: Classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations". Archives of Virology. 155 (12): 2083–2103. doi:10.1007/s00705-010-0814-x. PMC 3074192. PMID 21046175.
  8. Kiley, M. P.; Bowen, E. T.; Eddy, G. A.; Isaäcson, M.; Johnson, K. M.; McCormick, J. B.; Murphy, F. A.; Pattyn, S. R.; Peters, D.; Prozesky, O. W.; Regnery, R. L.; Simpson, D. I.; Slenczka, W.; Sureau, P.; Van Der Groen, G.; Webb, P. A.; Wulff, H. (1982). "Filoviridae: A taxonomic home for Marburg and Ebola viruses?". Intervirology. 18 (1–2): 24–32. doi:10.1159/000149300. PMID 7118520.
  9. Netesov, S. V.; Feldmann, H.; Jahrling, P. B.; Klenk, H. D.; Sanchez, A. (2000). "Family Filoviridae". In van Regenmortel, M. H. V.; Fauquet, C. M.; Bishop, D. H. L.; Carstens, E. B.; Estes, M. K.; Lemon, S. M.; Maniloff, J.; Mayo, M. A.; McGeoch, D. J.; Pringle, C. R.; Wickner, R. B. (eds.). Virus Taxonomy—Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. San Diego, USA: Academic Press. pp. 539–48. ISBN 978-0-12-370200-5.
  10. Pringle, C. R. (1998). "Virus taxonomy—San Diego 1998". Archives of Virology. 143 (7): 1449–1459. doi:10.1007/s007050050389. PMID 9742051.
  11. Feldmann, H.; Geisbert, T. W.; Jahrling, P. B.; Klenk, H.-D.; Netesov, S. V.; Peters, C. J.; Sanchez, A.; Swanepoel, R.; Volchkov, V. E. (2005). "Family Filoviridae". In Fauquet, C. M.; Mayo, M. A.; Maniloff, J.; Desselberger, U.; Ball, L. A. (eds.). Virus Taxonomy—Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. San Diego, USA: Elsevier/Academic Press. pp. 645–653. ISBN 978-0-12-370200-5.
  12. Mayo, M. A. (2002). "ICTV at the Paris ICV: results of the plenary session and the binomial ballot". Archives of Virology. 147 (11): 2254–60. doi:10.1007/s007050200052.
  13. Kuhn, J. H.; Becker, S.; Ebihara, H.; Geisbert, T. W.; Jahrling, P. B.; Kawaoka, Y.; Netesov, S. V.; Nichol, S. T.; Peters, C. J.; Volchkov, V. E.; Ksiazek, T. G. (2011). "Family Filoviridae". In King, Andrew M. Q.; Adams, Michael J.; Carstens, Eric B.; et al. (eds.). Virus Taxonomy—Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. London, UK: Elsevier/Academic Press. pp. 665–671. ISBN 978-0-12-384684-6.

Further reading

  • Klenk, Hans-Dieter (1999). Marburg and Ebola Viruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol. 235. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-64729-4.
  • Klenk, Hans-Dieter; Feldmann, Heinz (2004). Ebola and Marburg Viruses – Molecular and Cellular Biology. Wymondham, Norfolk, UK: Horizon Bioscience. ISBN 978-0-9545232-3-7.
  • Kuhn, Jens H. (2008). Filoviruses – A Compendium of 40 Years of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies. Archives of Virology Supplement, vol. 20. Vienna, Austria: SpringerWienNewYork. ISBN 978-3-211-20670-6.
  • Martini, G. A.; Siegert, R. (1971). Marburg Virus Disease. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-05199-4.
  • Ryabchikova, Elena I.; Price, Barbara B. (2004). Ebola and Marburg Viruses – A View of Infection Using Electron Microscopy. Columbus, Ohio, USA: Battelle Press. ISBN 978-1-57477-131-2.
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