List of human cell types derived from the germ layers

This is a list of cells in humans derived from the three germ layers – ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Human anatomy

Part of a series of lists about
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Glossary of medicine Glossary of medicine
See also Epithelia Anatomical terminology Index of anatomy articles Outline of anatomy Cell types by origin

Cells derived from ectoderm

Surface ectoderm

Skin

Anterior pituitary

Teeth

Ameloblast

Neural crest

Peripheral nervous system

Neuroendocrine system

Chromaffin cell
Glomus cell

Skin

Teeth

Eyes

Corneal keratocyte

Neural tube

Central nervous system

Neuron
Glia
- Astrocyte
- Ependymocytes
- Muller glia (retina)
- Oligodendrocyte
- Pituicyte (posterior pituitary)

Pineal gland

Pinealocyte

Cells derived from mesoderm

Paraxial mesoderm

Mesenchymal stem cell

Osteochondroprogenitor cell

Bone (Osteoblast → Osteocyte)
Cartilage (Chondroblast → Chondrocyte)

Myofibroblast

Fat
- Lipoblast → Adipocyte
Muscle
- Myoblast → Myocyte
- Myosatellite cell
- Tendon cell
- Cardiac muscle cell
Other
- Fibroblast → Fibrocyte

Other

Digestive system
- Interstitial cell of Cajal

Intermediate mesoderm

Renal stem cell

Reproductive system

Lateral plate mesoderm/hemangioblast

Hematopoietic stem cell

Lymphoid
- Lymphoblast
- see lymphocytes
Myeloid
- CFU-GEMM
- see myeloid cells

Circulatory system

Cells derived from endoderm

Foregut

Respiratory system

Digestive system

Stomach

Enteroendocrine cell
- G cell
- Delta cell
- Enterochromaffin-like cell
Gastric chief cell
Parietal cell
Foveolar cell

Intestine

Enteroendocrine cell
- Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
- S cell
- Delta cell
- Cholecystokinin
Goblet cell
Paneth cell
Tuft cell
Enterocyte
- Microfold cell

Liver

Gallbladder

Cholecystocyte

Exocrine component of pancreas

Centroacinar cell
Pancreatic stellate cell

Islets of Langerhans

alpha cell
beta cell
delta cell
PP cell (F cell, gamma cell)
epsilon cell

Pharyngeal pouch

Thyroid gland
- Follicular cell
- Parafollicular cell[1]
Parathyroid gland
- Parathyroid chief cell
- Oxyphil cell

Hindgut/cloaca

Urothelial cell

See also

References

Nilsson M, Williams D (July 2016). "On the Origin of Cells and Derivation of Thyroid Cancer: C Cell Story Revisited". European Thyroid Journal. 5 (2): 79–93. doi:10.1159/000447333. PMC 4949372. PMID 27493881.

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