Karlodinium antarcticum

Karlodinium antarcticum is a species of unarmored dinoflagellates from the genus Karlodinium. It was first isolated from the Australian region of the Southern Ocean, near the polar front. It is medium-sized and is characterized by its long ovoid cell shape and rather long apical groove. It is considered potentially ichthyotoxic.[1]

Karlodinium antarcticum
Scientific classification
(unranked):
SAR
Phylum:
Dinoflagellata
Class:
Dinophyceae
Order:
Gymnodiniales
Family:
Kareniaceae
Genus:
Karlodinium
Species:
K. antarcticum
Binomial name
Karlodinium antarcticum
de Salas, 2008

References
  1. de Salas, Miguel F.; Laza-Martínez, Aitor; Hallegraeff, Gustaaf M. (2008). "NOVEL UNARMORED DINOFLAGELLATES FROM THE TOXIGENIC FAMILY KARENIACEAE (GYMNODINIALES): FIVE NEW SPECIES OFKARLODINIUMAND ONE NEWTAKAYAMAFROM THE AUSTRALIAN SECTOR OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN". Journal of Phycology. 44 (1): 241–257. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00458.x. ISSN 0022-3646.

Further reading
  • Mooney, Ben D., et al. "Survey for karlotoxin production in 15 species of gymnodinioid dinoflagellates (Kareniaceae, Dinophyta) 1." Journal of Phycology45.1 (2009): 164-175.
  • Lim, Hong Chang, et al. "A bloom of Karlodinium australe (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) associated with mass mortality of cage-cultured fishes in West Johor Strait, Malaysia." Harmful Algae 40 (2014): 51-62.
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