Interleukin 19

IL19
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1N1F
Identifiers
Aliases	IL19, IL-10C, MDA1, NG.1, ZMDA1, Interleukin 19, IL-19
External IDs	OMIM: 605687 MGI: 1890472 HomoloGene: 17813 GeneCards: IL19
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)[1]
End	206,842,981 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2]
End	130,940,115 bp[2]
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• cytokine activity; • protein binding;
Cellular component	• extracellular region; • extracellular space;
Biological process	• interleukin-6 biosynthetic process; • negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; • positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway; • positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; • signal transduction; • reactive oxygen species metabolic process; • apoptotic process; • immune response; • regulation of receptor activity; • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; • negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	29949
	329244
	ENSG00000142224
	ENSMUSG00000016524
	Q9UHD0
	Q8CJ70
	NM_013371; NM_153758; NM_001369605
	NM_001009940; NM_001355135
	NP_037503; NP_715639; NP_001356534
	NP_001009940; NP_001342064
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Interleukin 19 (IL19) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL19 gene on the chromosome 1.[5]

Structure

The IL-19 gene contains 7 exons and is found on chromosome 1. Secreted IL-19 is made from 159 amino acids that create alpha-helix structure.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-10 cytokine subfamily. This cytokine is found to be preferentially expressed in monocytes and less in B lymphocytes. The IL-19 gene is expressed in resting monocytes and B cells. It is up-regulated in monocytes following stimulation with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), lipopolysaccharide, or Pam3CSK4.[6]

Immunoregulation function

IL-19 increases the production of Th2 cytokines in T-lymphocytes and induces expression of IL-10 in monocytes.

Disorder of the IL-19 production probably has an affect to different allergic reactions and other Th1 type athopic and skis pathogeneses, eg. psoriasis [7].

IL-19 also forms homologs with IL-20 and IL-24 and thus is able to bind the interleukin-20 receptor complex and lead to the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). STAT3 is necessary for embryonal development and Th17 differentiation [8]. The IL-20 receptors are predominantly found in the mesenchymal region of tissues, lungs and reproduction organs.

A similar cytokine in mouse is reported to up-regulate the expression of IL6 and TNF-alpha and induce apoptosis, which suggests a role of this cytokine in inflammatory responses. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the distinct isoforms have been described.[5]

IL-10 family

Interleukin-19 is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-10 family of cytokines along with several other interleukins including IL-10, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, and several virus-encoded cytokines. It signals through the same cell surface receptor (IL-20R) that is used by IL-20 and IL-24.

References

GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000142224 - Ensembl, May 2017
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000016524 - Ensembl, May 2017
"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Entrez Gene: Interleukin 19".
Chang C, Magracheva E, Kozlov S, Fong S, Tobin G, Kotenko S, et al. (January 2003). "Crystal structure of interleukin-19 defines a new subfamily of helical cytokines". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (5): 3308–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208602200. PMID 12403790.
Witte E, Kokolakis G, Witte K, Philipp S, Doecke WD, Babel N, et al. (November 2014). "IL-19 is a component of the pathogenetic IL-23/IL-17 cascade in psoriasis". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 134 (11): 2757–2767. doi:10.1038/jid.2014.308. PMID 25046339.
"IL19 interleukin 19 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2019-07-30.

External links

Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q9UHD0 (Interleukin-19) at the PDBe-KB.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000142224 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000016524 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: Interleukin 19".

[pmid12403790-6] Chang C, Magracheva E, Kozlov S, Fong S, Tobin G, Kotenko S, et al. (January 2003). "Crystal structure of interleukin-19 defines a new subfamily of helical cytokines". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (5): 3308–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208602200. PMID 12403790.

[7] Witte E, Kokolakis G, Witte K, Philipp S, Doecke WD, Babel N, et al. (November 2014). "IL-19 is a component of the pathogenetic IL-23/IL-17 cascade in psoriasis". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 134 (11): 2757–2767. doi:10.1038/jid.2014.308. PMID 25046339.

[8] "IL19 interleukin 19 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2019-07-30.