Gray platelet syndrome

Gray platelet syndrome (GPS), or platelet alpha-granule deficiency,[1] is a rare congenital autosomal recessive bleeding disorder caused by a reduction or absence of alpha-granules in blood platelets, and the release of proteins normally contained in these granules into the marrow, causing myelofibrosis.[2]

Gray platelet syndrome
Other namesPlatelet alpha-granule deficiency
Gray platelet syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
SpecialtyHematology 

GPS is primarily inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and the gene that is mutated in GPS has recently been mapped to chromosome 3p[3] and identified as NBEAL2.[4] NBEAL2 encodes a protein containing a BEACH domain that is predicted to be involved in vesicular trafficking. It is expressed in platelets and megakaryocytes and is required for the development of platelet alpha-granules.[5] NBEAL2 expression is also required for the development of thrombocytes in zebrafish.[6]

GPS is characterized by "thrombocytopenia, and abnormally large agranular platelets in peripheral blood smears."[7] The defect in GPS is the failure of megakaryocytes to package secretory proteins into alpha-granules. Patients with the GPS are affected by mild to moderate bleeding tendencies. Usually these are not major bleeds but there has been some life threatening cases. Affected women will tend to have heavy, irregular periods. Myelofibrosis is a condition that usually comes with GPS.

See also

References
  1. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) 139090
  2. Nurden AT, Nurden P (2007). "The gray platelet syndrome: clinical spectrum of the disease". Blood Rev. 21 (1): 21–36. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2005.12.003. PMID 16442192.
  3. Gunay-Aygun M, Zivony-Elboum Y, Gumruk F, et al. (December 2010). "Gray platelet syndrome: natural history of a large patient cohort and locus assignment to chromosome 3p". Blood. 116 (23): 4990–5001. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-05-286534. PMC 3012593. PMID 20709904.
  4. Kahr WH, Hinckley J, Li L, et al. (August 2011). "Mutations in NBEAL2, encoding a BEACH protein, cause gray platelet syndrome". Nat. Genet. 43 (8): 738–40. doi:10.1038/ng.884. PMC 6050511. PMID 21765413.
  5. Gunay-Aygun M, Falik-Zaccai TC, Vilboux T, et al. (August 2011). "NBEAL2 is mutated in gray platelet syndrome and is required for biogenesis of platelet α-granules". Nat. Genet. 43 (8): 732–4. doi:10.1038/ng.883. PMC 3154019. PMID 21765412.
  6. Albers CA, Cvejic A, Favier R, et al. (August 2011). "Exome sequencing identifies NBEAL2 as the causative gene for gray platelet syndrome". Nat. Genet. 43 (8): 735–7. doi:10.1038/ng.885. PMC 3428934. PMID 21765411.
  7. Jantunen E, Hänninen A, Naukkarinen A, Vornanen M, Lahtinen R (July 1994). "Gray platelet syndrome with splenomegaly and signs of extramedullary hematopoiesis: a case report with review of the literature". Am. J. Hematol. 46 (3): 218–24. doi:10.1002/ajh.2830460311. PMID 8192152.
Classification
External resources


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