Fissure

In anatomy, a fissure (Latin fissura, plural fissurae) is a groove, natural division, deep furrow, elongated cleft, or tear in various parts of the body also generally called a sulcus, or in the brain a sulcus.

Types

Brain

  • Broca's fissure: found in the third left frontal fold of the brain.
  • Burdach's fissure: connects the brain's insula and the inner surface of the operculum.
  • Calcarin's fissure: extends from the occipital of the cerebrum to the occipital fissure.
  • Callosomarginal fissure: found in the mesial surface of the cerebrum.
  • Central sulcus or Rolando's fissure: separates the brain's frontal and parietal lobes.
  • Clevenger's fissure: found in the inferior temporal lobe of the brain
  • Collateral fissure: found in the inferior surface of the cerebrum.
  • Fissure of Bichat: found below the corpus callosum in the cerebellum of the brain.
  • Fissure of Sylvius: separates the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain from the temporal lobe.
  • Hippocampal sulcus: a sulcus that extends from the brain's corpus callosum to the tip of the temporal lobe.
  • Horizontal fissure or Transverse fissure: found between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. Note that a "transverse fissure" can also be found in the liver and lungs.
  • Medial longitudinal fissure or Longitudinal fissure: which divides the cerebrum into the two hemispheres.
  • Occipitoparietal fissure: found between the occipital and parietal lobes of the brain.
  • Wernicke's fissure: separates the brain's temporal and parietal lobes from the occipital lobe.
  • Zygal fissure: found in the cerebrum.

Liver

Lung

Skull

Other types

  • Fissure (dentistry), a break in the tooth enamel
  • Anal fissure, a break or tear in the skin of the anal canal
  • Fissure of the nipple, a condition that results from running, breastfeeding and other friction-causing exposures
  • Fissured tongue, a condition characterized by deep grooves (fissures) in the tongue
  • Henle's fissure, a fissure in the connective tissue between the muscle fibers of the heart
  • Palpebral fissure, separates the upper and lower eyelids
  • Skin fissure, a linear-like cleavage of skin, sometimes defined as extending into the dermis
  • Ventral median fissure, of the spinal cord

Abnormal fissure

Fissure can also refer to an unnatural tract or ulcer, most commonly found in the anus and called an anal fissure.

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