Micafungin

Micafungin (trade name Mycamine) is an echinocandin antifungal drug used to treat and prevent invasive fungal infections including candidemia, abscesses and esophageal candidiasis. It inhibits the production of beta-1,3-glucan, an essential component of fungal cell walls. Micafungin is administered intravenously. It received final approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on March 16, 2005, and gained approval in the European Union on April 25, 2008.

Micafungin
Clinical data
Trade namesMycamine
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • C
Routes of
administration		Intravenous
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding99.8%
MetabolismVia catechol-O-methyltransferase pathway
Elimination half-life11–17 hours
Excretion40% feces, <15% urine
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC56H71N9O23S
Molar mass1270.28 g/mol g·mol−1
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Indications

Micafungin is indicated for the treatment of candidemia, acute disseminated candidiasis, Candida peritonitis, abscesses and esophageal candidiasis. Since January 23, 2008, micafungin has been approved for the prophylaxis of Candida infections in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Micafungin works by way of concentration-dependent inhibition of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase resulting in reduced formation of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, which is an essential polysaccharide comprising one-third of the majority of Candida spp. cell walls. This decreased glucan production leads to osmotic instability and thus cellular lysis. [1] [2]

Contraindications

Known hypersensitivity to micafungin or any other ingredient contained in the formulation is a contraindication for its use.

Dosage

The metabolism of micafungin occurs hepatically as the drug molecule is a substrate of CYP3A4, a liver enzyme. Precautions should be taken with regards to dosing, as micafungin also inhibits its own clearance via weak CYP3A4 inhibition.[3][4]

Dosage forms

Micafungin is a natural antifungal product derived from other fungi as a defense mechanism for competition of nutrients, etc. To be specific, micafungin is derived from FR901379, and is produced by Coleophoma empetri.[5][6]

References
  1. Pappas, P. G.; Rotstein, C. M.; Betts, R. F.; Nucci, M; Talwar, D; De Waele, J. J.; Vazquez, J. A.; Dupont, B. F.; Horn, D. L.; Ostrosky-Zeichner, L; Reboli, A. C.; Suh, B; Digumarti, R; Wu, C; Kovanda, L. L.; Arnold, L. J.; Buell, D. N. (2007). "Micafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 45 (7): 883–93. doi:10.1086/520980. PMID 17806055.
  2. Pettengell, K; Mynhardt, J; Kluyts, T; Lau, W; Facklam, D; Buell, D; FK463 South African Study Group (2004). "Successful treatment of oesophageal candidiasis by micafungin: A novel systemic antifungal agent". Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 20 (4): 475–81. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02083.x. PMID 15298643.
  3. Carver, P. L. (2004). "Micafungin". Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 38 (10): 1707–21. doi:10.1345/aph.1D301. PMID 15340133.
  4. Kohno, S; Masaoka, T; Yamaguchi, H; Mori, T; Urabe, A; Ito, A; Niki, Y; Ikemoto, H (2004). "A multicenter, open-label clinical study of micafungin (FK463) in the treatment of deep-seated mycosis in Japan". Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 36 (5): 372–9. doi:10.1080/00365540410020406. PMID 15287383.
  5. Hashimoto, S (2009). "Micafungin: A sulfated echinocandin". The Journal of Antibiotics. 62 (1): 27–35. doi:10.1038/ja.2008.3. PMID 19132058.
  6. Fujie, Akihiko (2007). "Discovery of micafungin (FK463): A novel antifungal drug derived from a natural product lead". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 79 (4): 603–614. doi:10.1351/pac200779040603.
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