Etofenprox

Etofenprox is a pyrethroid derivative which is used as an insecticide.[1] Mitsui Chemicals Agro Inc. is the main manufacturer of the chemical. It is also used as an ingredient in flea medication for cats and dogs.

Etofenprox
Names
IUPAC name
2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl 3-phenoxybenzyl ether
Other names
Ethofenprox, MTI-500, Trebon
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.100.942
KEGG
PubChem CID
UNII
Properties
Chemical formula
 C25H28O3
Molar mass 376.496 g·mol−1
Appearance White (pure) or amber (man.)
Density 1.172 g/cm3 at 20.7 °C
Melting point 37.4 °C (99.3 °F; 310.5 K)
Boiling point Degradation at about 200 °C
Hazards
Flash point > 110 °C (230 °F; 383 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

General uses

Etofenprox is an insecticide which disturbs insect nervous systems following direct contact or ingestion, and which is active against a broad spectrum of pests. It is used in agriculture, horticulture, viticulture, forestry, animal health and public health against many insect pests, for instance Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera, and Hymenoptera. In agriculture, etofenprox is used on a broad range of crops such as rice, fruits, vegetables, corn, soybeans, and tea. It is poorly absorbed by roots and little translocation occurs within plants.

In the public health sector, etofenprox is used for vector control either by direct application in infested areas or indirectly by impregnating fabrics, such as mosquito nets. Etofenprox is used at low volumes to control adult mosquitoes, non-biting midges, and biting and non-biting flies. Etofenprox is used undiluted for ultra low volume aerosol applications or diluted with a diluent such as mineral oil for direct applications, for the control of pest species in or near residential, industrial, commercial, urban, recreational areas, woodlands, golf courses, and other areas where these pests are a problem.

Hazards to humans and domestic animals

Etofenprox is harmful if swallowed and causes moderate eye irritation. Contact with eyes, skin or clothing should be avoided. Repeated exposure to etofenprox can cause skin irritation.[2] LD50s are >2000 mg/kg (acute oral, rat), >2000 mg/kg (acute dermal, rat), and >5.88 mg/l (acute inhalation, rat). In rabbits, it is not a skin irritant or eye irritant. It did not cause skin sensitization in guinea pig (intradermal and topical).[3]

Environmental hazards

This pesticide is toxic to aquatic organisms, including fish and aquatic invertebrates. Runoff from treated areas or deposition into bodies of water may be hazardous to fish and other aquatic organisms. Etofenprox is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Time applications to provide the maximum possible interval between treatment and the next period of bee activity.[2]

Environmental persistence

Etofenprox is decomposed in soil by anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms. In sterilized soil, little degradation took place in a 56-day test.[4] Photochemical oxidative degradation is rapid, in air the half life is estimated at 2.07 hours. The principle metabolites do not accumulate and degrade to CO
2 and the half-life is between 14 and 44 days. Etofenprox itself degrades in 7 to 45 days depending on soil and temperature.[5]

Physical and chemical hazards

Etofenprox is combustible and should not be used or stored near heat or open flame.[2]

References
  1. Becker, Norbert; Petric, Dusan; Zgomba, Marija; Boase, Clive (2010). Mosquitoes and Their Control. Springer. p. 463. ISBN 978-3-540-92873-7. Retrieved 2011-04-13.
  2. "US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, RF2146 RTU, 11/18/2013" (PDF). US Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 2014-05-21.
  3. World Health Organization WHO SPECIFICATIONS AND EVALUATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PESTICIDES ETOFENPROX
  4. Aerobic versus Anaerobic Microbial Degradation of Etofenprox in a California rice field soil, Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California
  5. European Chemical Agency, Risk Assessment RAC
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