Enramycin

Enramycin
Clinical data
ATCvet code	QA07AA94 (WHO) ;
Identifiers
CAS Number	11115-82-5 ;
PubChem CID	56842192;
UNII	4GP7CLG9EG;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID10718649 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C107H138Cl2N26O31
Molar mass	2355.30 g/mol g·mol−1

Enramycin or Enduracidin is a polypeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fungicidus. Enramycin is widely used as a feed additive for pigs and chickens to prevent necrotic enteritis induced by Gram-positive gut pathogens.[1]

Mechanism of action

Enramycin acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme, MurG, which is essential for cell wall biosynthesis in Gram-positive bacteria. MurG catalyzes the transglycosylation reaction in the last step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Inhibiting this step greatly compromises cell wall integrity leading to cell lysis.[2]

Spectrum of susceptibility

Enramycin has been found to be very effective against Gram-positive gut pathogens, most notably, Clostridium perfringens; a leading cause of necrotic enteritis. The following represents MIC data for a couple of veterinary pathogens.[3]

Clostridium perfringens: 0.05 μg/ml – 1.6 μg/ml
Staphylococcus aureus: 0.013 μg/ml – 0.413 μg/ml

Composition

Standard grade enramycin is composed of two main components called enramycin A and enramycin B. These two components are routinely used as analytical reference standards; however, their activity as individual compounds does not appear to be widely studied or characterized.[4]

References

Schering-Plough. "Enramycin." Darou Gostar Group. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2014.
Fang, X; Tiyanont, K; Zhang, Y; Wanner, J; Boger, D; Walker, S (2006). "The mechanism of action of ramoplanin and enduracidin". Molecular BioSystems. 2 (1): 69–76. doi:10.1039/b515328j. PMID 16880924.
"Enramycin Susceptibilty and Resistance Data" (PDF).
Inoue, K; Hattori, Y; Hino, T; Oka, H (2010). "An approach to on-line electrospray mass spectrometric detection of polypeptide antibiotics of enramycin for high-speed counter-current chromatographic separation". Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 51 (5): 1154–60. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2009.11.010. PMID 20004073.

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[1] Schering-Plough. "Enramycin." Darou Gostar Group. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2014.

[2] Fang, X; Tiyanont, K; Zhang, Y; Wanner, J; Boger, D; Walker, S (2006). "The mechanism of action of ramoplanin and enduracidin". Molecular BioSystems. 2 (1): 69–76. doi:10.1039/b515328j. PMID 16880924.

[3] "Enramycin Susceptibilty and Resistance Data" (PDF).

[4] Inoue, K; Hattori, Y; Hino, T; Oka, H (2010). "An approach to on-line electrospray mass spectrometric detection of polypeptide antibiotics of enramycin for high-speed counter-current chromatographic separation". Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 51 (5): 1154–60. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2009.11.010. PMID 20004073.