Dodecane

Dodecane (also known as dihexyl, bihexyl, adakane 12 or duodecane) is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)10CH3 (or C12H26), an oily liquid of the paraffin series. It has 355 isomers.

Dodecane
Names
IUPAC name
Dodecane[1]
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
Beilstein Reference
1697175
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.607
EC Number
  • 203-967-9
Gmelin Reference
201408
KEGG
MeSH n-dodecane
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • JR2125000
UNII
Properties
Chemical formula
C12H26
Molar mass 170.340 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Gasoline-like to odorless
Density 0.7495 g mL−1 at 20 °C[2]
Melting point −10.0 to −9.3 °C; 14.1 to 15.2 °F; 263.2 to 263.8 K
Boiling point 214 to 218 °C; 417 to 424 °F; 487 to 491 K
log P 6.821
Vapor pressure 18 Pa (at 25 °C)[3]
Henry's law
constant (kH)
1.4 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Refractive index (nD)
1.421
Viscosity 1.34 mPa s
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)
376.00 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar
entropy (So298)
490.66 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of
formation fH298)
−353.5–−350.7 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of
combustion cH298)
−7901.74 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet hazard.com
GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word Danger
GHS hazard statements
H304
GHS precautionary statements
P301+310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Flammability code 2: Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur. Flash point between 38 and 93 °C (100 and 200 °F). E.g. diesel fuelHealth code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
1
0
Flash point 71 °C (160 °F; 344 K)
Autoignition
temperature
205 °C (401 °F; 478 K)
Explosive limits 0.6%
Related compounds
Related alkanes
  • Undecane
  • Tridecane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

It is used as a solvent, distillation chaser, and scintillator component. It is used as a diluent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in reprocessing plants.[4]

Combustion reaction

The combustion reaction of dodecane is as follows:

C12H26(l) + 18.5 O2(g) → 12 CO2(g) + 13 H2O(g)
ΔH° = −7513 kJ

One litre of fuel needs about 15 kg of air to burn, and generates 2.3 kg (or 1.2 m3) of CO2 upon complete combustion.

Jet fuel surrogate

In recent years, n-dodecane has garnered attention as a possible surrogate for kerosene-based fuels such as Jet-A, S-8, and other conventional aviation fuels. It is considered a second-generation fuel surrogate designed to emulate the laminar flame speed, largely supplanting n-decane, primarily due to its higher molecular mass and lower hydrogen to carbon ratio which better reflect the n-alkane content of jet fuels.

See also

  • Higher alkanes
  • Kerosene
  • List of isomers of dodecane

References

  1. "n-dodecane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
  2. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/dodecane#section=Solubility
  3. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=8182#x400
  4. Rydberg, Jan (2004). Solvent Extraction Principles and Practice. Marcel Dekker. p. 524. ISBN 0-8247-5063-2.
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