Denticulate ligaments

The denticulate ligaments are triangular shaped ligaments that anchor the spinal cord along its length, at each side, to the dura mater. The bases of the ligaments arise in the pia mater and they are firmly attached to the arachnoid mater and dura mater at the apex.[1] They have 21 attachments per side. Named for their tooth-like appearance, the denticulate ligaments are traditionally believed to provide stability for the spinal cord against motion within the vertebral column.

Denticulate ligaments
The medulla spinalis and its membranes. (Ligamentum denticulatum labeled vertically at bottom left.)
Diagrammatic transverse section of the medulla spinalis and its membranes. (Denticulate ligament not labeled, but region is visible.)
Details
Identifiers
Latinligamentum denticulatum
TAA14.1.01.310
FMA71245
Anatomical terminology

From a clinical standpoint, denticulate ligaments do not play a significant role in lumbar spinal stenosis when compared to issues such as disc herniations, facet hypertrophy, shape of spinal canal, size of spinal canal, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, or degenerative joint disease resulting in bony osteophyte formation. There are schools of thought that the ventral and dorsal nerve roots are affected by abnormal tensions in the denticulate ligaments.[2]

Structure

Each denticulate ligament is composed of a single narrow fibrous strip that extends from the craniovertebral junction to T12. Each ligament features 18-20 triangular extensions that attach to the dura at their apices. The triangular extensions are smaller and more numerous at the cervical levels, and are larger and less numerous at the thoracic levels. The apices of the extensions attach to the dura via fibrous bands at cervical levels (each band 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long) and lower thoracic levels (21–26 mm (0.83–1.02 in) long), whereas they attach directly to the dura at upper thoracic levels.

The narrow fibrous strip of the denticulate ligament features longitudinally oriented collagen fibers, whereas the triangular extensions are composed of transverse and obliquely oriented collagen fibers. The collagen fibers are thicker and more abundant at the cervical than at the thoracic levels.

These ligaments may be affected by altered motion and position of the vertebral segments.

Mechanical properties

Denticulate ligaments are characterised by high extensibility (on average 50% of their initial length) and relatively low force necessary to rupture them (around 1 N). Their strength, especially in cervical region, decreases in caudal orientation.[3]

Additional images
  • A portion of the spinal cord, showing its right lateral surface. The dura is opened and arranged to show the nerve roots.

Sources
  • Polak K, Czyż M, Ścigała K, Jarmundowicz W, Będziński R (June 2014). "Biomechanical characteristics of the porcine denticulate ligament in different vertebral levels of the cervical spine — Preliminary results of an experimental study". Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 34: 165–170. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.02.010. PMID 24583921.
  • Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Moore, Keith and Arthur F. Dalley. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2006.
  • Tubbs RS, Salter G, Grabb PA, Oakes WJ (April 2001). "The denticulate ligament: anatomy and functional significance". Journal of Neurosurgery. 94 (2 Suppl): 271–5. doi:10.3171/spi.2001.94.2.0271. PMID 11302630.
  • RC Schafer DC. Basic Principles of Chiropractic Neuroscience - Chapter 5; Neuroconceptual Models of Chiropractic ACA Press 1998.
  • Ceylan D, Tatarlı N, Abdullaev T, et al. (July 2012). "The denticulate ligament: anatomical properties, functional and clinical significance". Acta Neurochirurgica. 154 (7): 1229–34. doi:10.1007/s00701-012-1361-x. PMID 22555553.

See also
This article uses anatomical terminology. For an overview, see Anatomical terminology.

References
  1. Carpenter, Malcolm (1984). Core text of neuroanatomy (3rd ed.). Williams & Wilkins. p. 2. ISBN 978-0683014556.
  2. Schafer. "NEUROCONCEPTUAL MODELS OF CHIROPRACTIC". Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  3. Polak (2014). "Biomechanical characteristics of the porcine denticulate ligament in different vertebral levels of the cervical spine—Preliminary results of an experimental study". J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 34: 165–70. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.02.010. PMID 24583921.

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