Complement receptor

A complement receptor is a receptor of the complement system, part of the innate immune system. Complement receptors bind proteins of the complement system, and can thus detect pathogens without mediation by antibodies.[1] Complement activity can be triggered by specific antigen-antibody complexes, sugars or pathogens directly.

Complement receptor
Identifiers
SymbolComplement receptor
Membranome116

Complement receptors

Many white blood cells express complement receptors on their surface, particularly monocytes and macrophages. All four complement receptors bind to fragments of complement component 3 or complement component 4 coated on pathogen surface, but the receptors have different functions. Complement receptor (CR) 1, 3, and 4 work as opsonins (stimulate phagocytosis), whereas CR2 is expressed only on B cells as a co-receptor.

Red blood cells (RBCs) also express CR1. With these receptors, RBCs bring antigen-antibody complexes bound to complement fragments in the blood to the liver and spleen for degradation.[2]

CR #NameLigand[1]CD
CR1- C3b, C4b, iC3bCD35
CR2- C3d, iC3b, C3dg, Epstein-Barr virusCD21
CR3Macrophage-1 antigen or "integrin αMβ2" iC3bCD11b+CD18
CR4Integrin alphaXbeta2 or "p150,95" iC3bCD11c+CD18
-C3a receptor C3a-
-C5a receptor C5aCD88

Clinical significance

Defects in these receptors can be associated with disease.[3]

See also

References
  1. Janeway, CA Jr; Travers P; Walport M; et al. (2001). "The complement system and innate immunity". Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. New York: Garland Science. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  2. Peter Parham, The Immune System (2nd ed.), Taylor&Francis
  3. "Complement Receptor Deficiency: eMedicine Dermatology". Retrieved 7 December 2010.
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