Cortistatin (neuropeptide)

Precortistatin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CORT gene.[5][6] The 105 amino acid residue human precortistatin in turn is cleaved into cortistatin-17 and cortistatin-29. Cortistatin-17 is the only active peptide derived from the precursor.[5] Cortistatin (or more specifically cortistatin-17) is a neuropeptide that is expressed in inhibitory neurons of the cerebral cortex, and which has a strong structural similarity to somatostatin. Unlike somatostatin, when infused into the brain, it enhances slow-wave sleep. It binds to sites in the cortex, hippocampus and the amygdala.

CORT
Identifiers
AliasesCORT, CST-14, CST-17, CST-29, cortistatin
External IDsOMIM: 602784 MGI: 109538 HomoloGene: 997 GeneCards: CORT
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 1 (human)[1]
Band1p36.22Start10,449,719 bp[1]
End10,451,902 bp[1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

1325

12854

Ensembl

ENSG00000241563

ENSMUSG00000028971

UniProt

O00230

P56469

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001302

NM_007745

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001293

NP_031771

Location (UCSC)Chr 1: 10.45 – 10.45 MbChr 4: 149.13 – 149.13 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

Cortistatin is a neuropeptide with strong structural similarity to somatostatin (both peptides belong to the same family). It binds to all known somatostatin receptors, and shares many pharmacological and functional properties with somatostatin, including the depression of neuronal activity. However, it also has many properties distinct from somatostatin, such as induction of slow-wave sleep, apparently by antagonism of the excitatory effects of acetylcholine on the cortex, reduction of locomotor activity, and activation of cation selective currents not responsive to somatostatin.[6]

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000241563 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028971 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. de Lecea L, Ruiz-Lozano P, Danielson PE, Peelle-Kirley J, Foye PE, Frankel WN, Sutcliffe JG (Sep 1997). "Cloning, mRNA expression, and chromosomal mapping of mouse and human preprocortistatin". Genomics. 42 (3): 499–506. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4763. PMID 9205124.
  6. "Entrez Gene: CORT cortistatin".

Further reading


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