Bifonazole

Bifonazole (trade name Canespor among others[1]) is an imidazole antifungal drug used in form of ointments.

Bifonazole
Clinical data
Trade namesCanespor, many others
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
Routes of
administration
Topical
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.056.651
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC22H18N2
Molar mass310.392 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
ChiralityRacemic mixture
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It was patented in 1974 and approved for medical use in 1983.[2] There are also combinations with carbamide for the treatment of onychomycosis.

Adverse effects

The most common side effect is a burning sensation at the application site. Other reactions, such as itching, eczema or skin dryness, are rare.[3] Bifonazole is a potent aromatase inhibitor. [4][5]

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action

Bifonazole has a dual mode of action. It inhibits fungal ergosterol biosynthesis at two points, via transformation of 24-methylendihydrolanosterol to desmethylsterol, together with inhibition of HMG-CoA. This enables fungicidal properties against dermatophytes and distinguishes bifonazole from other antifungal drugs.[3][6]

Pharmacokinetics

Six hours after application, bifonazole concentrations range from 1000 µg/cm³ in the stratum corneum to 5 µg/cm³ in the papillary dermis.[3]

References

  1. International Drug Names: Bifonazole.
  2. Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 502. ISBN 9783527607495.
  3. Haberfeld, H, ed. (2015). Austria-Codex (in German). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag. Canesten Bifonazol-Creme.
  4. Trösken, ER (2006). "Inhibition of human CYP19 by azoles used as antifungal agents and aromatase inhibitors, using a new LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of estradiol product formation". Toxicology. 219 (1–3): 33–40. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2005.10.020. PMID 16330141.
  5. Egbuta, C (2014). "Mechanism of inhibition of estrogen biosynthesis by azole fungicides". Endocrinology. 155 (12): 4622–8. doi:10.1210/en.2014-1561. PMC 4239419. PMID 25243857.
  6. Berg, D; Regel, E; Harenberg, H. E.; Plempel, M (1984). "Bifonazole and clotrimazole. Their mode of action and the possible reason for the fungicidal behaviour of bifonazole". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 34 (2): 139–46. PMID 6372801.
  • Lackner, T. E.; Clissold, S. P. (1989). "Bifonazole. A review of its antimicrobial activity and therapeutic use in superficial mycoses". Drugs. 38 (2): 204–25. doi:10.2165/00003495-198938020-00004. PMID 2670516.
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