Benazepril

Benazepril, sold under the brand name Lotensin among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease.[1] It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure.[1] It is taken by mouth.[1] Versions are available as the combinations benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide and benazepril/amlodipine.[1]

Benazepril
Clinical data
Trade namesLotensin, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa692011
Pregnancy
category
  • D
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding96.7%
MetabolismLiver glucuronidation
Elimination half-life10-11 hours
ExcretionKidney and biliary
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC24H28N2O5
Molar mass424.49 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  (verify)

Common side effects include feeling tired, dizziness, cough, and light-headedness with standing.[1] Serious side effects may include kidney problems, low blood pressure, high blood potassium, and angioedema.[1] Use in pregnancy may harm the baby while use when breastfeeding maybe okay.[2] It is an ACE inhibitor and works by decreasing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity.[1]

Benazepril was patented in 1981 and came into medical use in 1990.[3] It is available as a generic medication.[1] A month supply in the United States costs about US$1.32 as of 2019.[4] In 2016 it was the 105th most prescribed medication in the United States with more than 7 million prescriptions.[5]

Medical uses

It is useful for high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease.[1] It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure.[1] Other reasonable initial options include angiotensin II receptor antagonists, calcium-channel blockers, and thiazide diuretics.[1]

Side effects

The most common side effects patients experience are a headache or a chronic cough. The chronic cough develops in about 20% of patients treated,[6] and those patients that experience it find it develops after a few months of use. Anaphylaxis, angioedema, and elevation of potassium levels are more serious side effects that can also occur.

Contraindications

Benazepril should be discontinued during pregnancy, as it can harm the fetus.

Dosage forms

It is also available in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, under the trade name Lotensin HCT', and with amlodipine (trade name Lotrel).

Veterinary use

Under the brand names Fortekor (Novartis) and VetACE (Jurox Animal Health), benazepril hydrochloride is used to treat congestive heart failure in dogs[7][8] and chronic kidney failure in cats and dogs.

References
  1. "Benazepril Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  2. "Benazepril Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Drugs.com. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  3. Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 468. ISBN 9783527607495.
  4. "NADAC as of 2019-02-27". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  5. "The Top 300 of 2019". clincalc.com. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
  6. Dykewicz, Mark S. (April 2004). "Cough and Angioedema From Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: New Insights Into Mechanisms and Management". Medscape. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  7. King JN, Mauron C, Kaiser G (December 1995). "Pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of benazepril, benazeprilat, and inhibition of plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity after single and repeated administrations to dogs". Am. J. Vet. Res. 56 (12): 1620–8. PMID 8599524.
  8. O'Grady MR, O'Sullivan ML, Minors SL, Horne R (2009). "Efficacy of benazepril hydrochloride to delay the progression of occult dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers". J. Vet. Intern. Med. 23 (5): 977–83. doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0346.x. PMID 19572914.
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