Anti-neurofascin demyelinating diseases

Anti-neurofascin demyelinating diseases (anti-NF diseases) refers to health conditions engendered by auto-antibodies against neurofascins, which can produce both central and peripheral demyelination. Some cases of combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD) could be produced by them.[1]

  • Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: Some cases of CIDP are reported to be produced by auto-antibodies against several neurofascin proteins. These proteins are present in the neurons and four of them have been reported to produce disease: NF186, NF180, NF166 and NF155.[2]
  • Neuromyelitis optica: NF auto antibodies can also appear in NMO cases.[2] These antibodies are more related to the peripheral nervous demyelination, but they were also found in NMO.[3]
  • Multiple sclerosis: Also antibodies against Neurofascins NF-155 can also appear in atypical multiple sclerosis[4] and NF-186 could be involved in subtypes of MS[5] yielding an intersection between both conditions. Around 10% of MS cases are now thought to be anti-NF cases.[6][7]

History

The first report about a subgroup of MS patients with anti-NF and contactin 2 auto-antibodies was published in 2011[8]

References
  1. J. Ciron et al. The coexistence of recurrent cerebral tumefactive demyelinating lesions with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and demyelinating neuropathy, Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, Volume 27, January 2019, Pages 223-225
  2. Jun-ichi Kira, Ryo Yamasaki, Hidenori Ogata, Anti-neurofascin autoantibody and demyelination, Neurochemistry international, Dec. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2018.12.011
  3. Kun Jia et al., Anti-neurofascin-155 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, Journal of Neurological Sciences, January 16, 2019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2019.01.024
  4. Stich O, Perera S, Berger B, Jarius S, Wildemann B, Baumgartner A, Rauer S (March 2016). "Prevalence of neurofascin-155 antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 364: 29–32. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.03.004. PMID 27084211.
  5. Early research into a treatment for progressive MS
  6. Marcus Vinicius, Magno Goncalves, Yara Dadalti Fragoso, The involvement of anti-neurofascin 155 antibodies in central and peripheral demyelinating diseases, Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation, 8 Apr 2019;6:6.10.20517/2347-8659.2019.08
  7. Nobutoshi Kawamura, Ryo Yamasaki, Tomomi Yonekawa, Takuya Matsushita, Susumu Kusunoki, Shigemi Nagayama, Yasuo Fukuda, Hidenori Ogata, Dai Matsuse, Hiroyuki Murai, Jun-ichi Kira, Anti-neurofascin antibody in patients with combined central and peripheral demyelination, July 24, 2013, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a1aa9c
  8. Edgar Meinl, Tobias Derfuss, Markus Krumbholz, Anne-Katrin Pröbstel, Reinhard Hohlfeld, Humoral autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, Volume 306, Issues 1–2, 15 July 2011, Pages 180-182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2010.08.009
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