Amsacrine

Amsacrine
Clinical data
ATC code	L01XX01 (WHO) ;
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	96 to 98%
Elimination half-life	8–9 hours
Identifiers
	IUPAC name N-(4-(acridin-9-ylamino)-3-methoxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide;
CAS Number	51264-14-3 ;
PubChem CID	2179;
DrugBank	DB00276 ;
ChemSpider	2094 ;
UNII	00DPD30SOY;
KEGG	D02321 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:2687 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL43 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID4022604 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.051.887
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C21H19N3O3S
Molar mass	393.46 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O=S(=O)(Nc1ccc(c(OC)c1)Nc2c4c(nc3c2cccc3)cccc4)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C21H19N3O3S/c1-27-20-13-14(24-28(2,25)26)11-12-19(20)23-21-15-7-3-5-9-17(15)22-18-10-6-4-8-16(18)21/h3-13,24H,1-2H3,(H,22,23) ; Key:XCPGHVQEEXUHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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Amsacrine (synonyms: m-AMSA, acridinyl anisidide) is an antineoplastic agent.

It has been used in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.[1]

Mechanism

Its planar fused ring system can intercalate into the DNA of tumor cells, thereby altering the major and minor groove proportions. These alterations to DNA structure inhibit both DNA replication and transcription by reducing association between the affected DNA and: DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase and transcription factors.

Amsacrine also expresses topoisomerase inhibitor activity, specifically inhibiting topoisomerase II (compares with the better known agent etoposide).[2] In contrast, the structurally similar o-AMSA differing in the position of the methoxy substituent group on the anilino-ring have little ability to poison topoisomerase II despite of its intercalative behavior, suggesting that intercalation of the molecule in itself is insufficient to trap topoisomerase II as a covalent complex on DNA.[3][4][5]

References

"Amsacrine combined with etoposide and high-dose methylprednisolone as salvage therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children". Haematologica. 90 (12): 1701–3. December 2005. PMID 16330449.
Genetic Response to Metals. Sarkar, Bibudhendra. CRC Press, 1995. ISBN 978-0-8247-9615-0
"Thermodynamics of the interactions of m-AMSA and o-AMSA with nucleic acids: influence of ionic strength and DNA base composition". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (23): 9933–46. December 1989. doi:10.1093/nar/17.23.9933. PMC 335223. PMID 2602146.
"Mutagenicity of m-AMSA and o-AMSA in mammalian cells due to clastogenic mechanism: possible role of topoisomerase". Mutagenesis. 2 (5): 349–55. September 1987. doi:10.1093/mutage/2.5.349. PMID 2830452.
"Targeting DNA topoisomerase II in cancer chemotherapy". Nat. Rev. Cancer. 9 (5): 338–50. May 2009. doi:10.1038/nrc2607. PMC 2748742. PMID 19377506.

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[1] "Amsacrine combined with etoposide and high-dose methylprednisolone as salvage therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children". Haematologica. 90 (12): 1701–3. December 2005. PMID 16330449.

[2] Genetic Response to Metals. Sarkar, Bibudhendra. CRC Press, 1995. ISBN 978-0-8247-9615-0

[3] "Thermodynamics of the interactions of m-AMSA and o-AMSA with nucleic acids: influence of ionic strength and DNA base composition". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (23): 9933–46. December 1989. doi:10.1093/nar/17.23.9933. PMC 335223. PMID 2602146.

[4] "Mutagenicity of m-AMSA and o-AMSA in mammalian cells due to clastogenic mechanism: possible role of topoisomerase". Mutagenesis. 2 (5): 349–55. September 1987. doi:10.1093/mutage/2.5.349. PMID 2830452.

[5] "Targeting DNA topoisomerase II in cancer chemotherapy". Nat. Rev. Cancer. 9 (5): 338–50. May 2009. doi:10.1038/nrc2607. PMC 2748742. PMID 19377506.