Actinomadura

Actinomadura
	Slide culture of Actinobacteria
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Actinobacteria
Class:	Actinobacteria
Order:	Actinomycetales
Family:	Thermomonosporaceae
Genus:	Actinomadura; Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1968
Diversity
	About 37 species

The genus Actinomadura is one of four genera of actinobacteria that belong to the family Thermomonosporaceae. It contains aerobic, Gram-positive, non-acid-fast, non-motile, chemo-organotrophic actinomycetes that produce well-developed, non-fragmenting vegetative mycelia and aerial hyphae that differentiate into surface-ornamented spore chains. These chains are of various lengths and can be straight, hooked or spiral.[1] The genus currently comprises 37 species with validly published names with standing in nomenclature,[2] although the species status of some strains remains uncertain, and further comparative studies are needed.[1]

Members of the genus are not characterized chemotaxonomically by type III/B cell walls (meso-diaminopimelic acid and madurose are present) with peptidoglycan structures of the acetyl type. The predominant menaquinone types are MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). The phospholipid pattern is PI (diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol are present as major phospholipids) and the fatty acid pattern is type 3a (branched saturated and unsaturated fatty acids plus tuberculostearic acid).[3]

References

Zhang Z; Kudo T; Nakajima Y; Wang Y (2001). "Clarification of the relationship between the members of the family Thermomonosporaceae on the basis of 16S rDNA, 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer and 23S rDNA sequences and chemotaxonomic analyses". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 51 (Pt 2): 373–383. doi:10.1099/00207713-51-2-373. PMID 11321082.
EUZéBY JP (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". Int J Syst Bacteriol. 47 (2): 590–592. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590. PMID 9103655. Archived from the original on 2012-06-12. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Kroppenstedt, RM; Stackebrandt, E; Goodfellow, M (1990). "Taxonomic revision of the actinomycete genera Actinomadura and Microtetraspora". Syst Appl Microbiol. 13 (2): 148–160. doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80162-1.

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[Zhang2001-1] Zhang Z; Kudo T; Nakajima Y; Wang Y (2001). "Clarification of the relationship between the members of the family Thermomonosporaceae on the basis of 16S rDNA, 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer and 23S rDNA sequences and chemotaxonomic analyses". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 51 (Pt 2): 373–383. doi:10.1099/00207713-51-2-373. PMID 11321082.

[EUZéBY-2] EUZéBY JP (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". Int J Syst Bacteriol. 47 (2): 590–592. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590. PMID 9103655. Archived from the original on 2012-06-12. Retrieved 2013-05-22.

[Kroppenstedt1990-3] Kroppenstedt, RM; Stackebrandt, E; Goodfellow, M (1990). "Taxonomic revision of the actinomycete genera Actinomadura and Microtetraspora". Syst Appl Microbiol. 13 (2): 148–160. doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80162-1.