Acinetobacter calcoaceticus

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (also known as A. baylyi) is a bacterial species of the genus Acinetobacter. It is a nonmotile, gram negative coccobacillus. It grows under aerobic conditions, is catalase positive and oxidase negative. It is part of the normal human intestinal flora. Together with A. baumannii, it is referred to as the A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex, which is relatively simple to identify based on the beforementioned phenotypic characteristics. To identify other Acinetobacter species genotyping is required.

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Proteobacteria
Class:
Gammaproteobacteria
Order:
Pseudomonadales
Family:
Moraxellaceae
Genus:
Acinetobacter
Species:
A. calcoaceticus
Binomial name
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
"Micrococcus calco-aceticus" Beijerinck 1911
Synonyms

Acinetobacter johnsonii
Neisseria winogradskyi
Moraxella calcoacetica
Micrococcus calcoaceticus, Acinetobacter baylyi[1]

Habitat

A. calcoaceticus is a soil bacterium. It has been shown to be prevalent in the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus microflora.[2]

Metabolism

Phloroglucinol carboxylic acid is a degradation product excreted by A. calcoaceticus grown on (+)-catechin as the sole source of carbon.[3]

Clinical significance

A. calcoaceticus can be pathogenic and cause an opportunistic infection in patients with multiple underlying diseases.[4]

Uses

A. calcoaceticus can be used as an alternative to A. baumannii in the laboratory setting. The interchangeability of the two species stems from their extreme degree of similarity and ability to form the A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex. Other contributing factors include the cost-effective nature of A. calcoaceticus compared to A. baumannii and the ability of A. calcoaceticus to readily uptake DNA.

References
  1. 'Mechanismen der Regulation des pca-qui-Operons aus dem Bakterium Acinetobacter baylyi Stamm ADP1' Ulm 2008
  2. Minard, Guillaume; Florence Hélène Tran; Fara Nantenaina Raharimalala; Eléonore Hellard; Pierre Ravelonandro; Patrick Mavingui; Claire Valiente Moro (2013). "Prevalence, genomic and metabolic profiles of Acinetobacter and Asaia associated with field-caught Aedes albopictus from Madagascar". FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 83 (1): 63–73. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01455.x. ISSN 1574-6941. PMID 22808994.
  3. M. Arunachalam; N. Mohan; R. Sugadev; P. Chellappan; A. Mahadevan (11 June 2003). "Degradation of (+)-catechin by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus MTC 127". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1621 (3): 261–265. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(03)00077-1. PMID 12787923.
  4. Chen, T. -L.; Siu, L. -K.; Lee, Y. -T.; Chen, C. -P.; Huang, L. -Y.; Wu, R. C. -C.; Cho, W. -L.; Fung, C. -P. (2008). "Acinetobacter baylyi as a Pathogen for Opportunistic Infection". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 46 (9): 2938–2944. doi:10.1128/JCM.00232-08. PMC 2546726. PMID 18632910.


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